Assessment of the influence of cytoplasmic effect on the biochemical composition of sorghum grain lines

The study reports on an investigation of the biochemical composition (fat, fiber, starch, protein, nitrogen-free extracts (NFE), tannin) in the seeds of 7 CMS grain sorghum lines with different types of sterile cytoplasm (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, 9E) with the nuclear genome Karlik 4v and Zhelotozernoye 10, as well as 8 sterility-maintaining lines. The plants were grown from 2022 to 2024 in the Saratov region. The biochemical parameters of the grain were assessed using a Spectra Star XT 2600XT-1 infrared analyzer. The tannin content was determined in sorghum flour according to GOST ISO 9648-2013. There were found significant deviations in the biochemical composition of the sterilitymaintaining lines. Promising sterility-maintaining lines were identified: KVV 181 (high in starch, fiber and NFE); KVV 114 (high in starch and fat); KP-70 (high in starch and NFE). On average for 2022–2024, there was no cytoplasmic effect on the amount of the studied biochemical components in the grain of isonuclear CMS lines with different types of sterile cytoplasm. The studied lines, with the exception of isonuclear CMS lines with the Karlik 4v genome, whose level was equal to or slightly exceeded 0.3 % (0.36 % in the A3 Karlik 4v line) in relation to food standards, were characterized by a low level of tannins from 0.14 to 0.25 %. Strong negative correlations were found between ash and starch content (r = -0.72), as well as between protein and NFE (r = -0.87). A negative correlation was found between tannins and NFE (r = -0.61) and a positive correlation was found between tannins and protein (r = 0.50). The obtained data on the influence of the cytoplasmic effect on the biochemical composition of sorghum grain allow for more effective use of these sources in the breeding process when creating grain sorghum hybrids, depending on the intended use.

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