Influence of sowing and harvesting data on the yield and sowing qualities of spring wheat Bazhenka seeds

The studies on spring soft wheat Bazhenka bred in FARC North-East were done in 2015-1017 under conditions of Kirov region. The scheme of the first field experiment included four variants of sowing data - early (by workability of soil), and three more subsequent data with an interval of five days. The scheme of the second experiment included four variants of harvesting data: early one (when 70% of plants reached full maturity phase) and three other variants with five-day interval each. In 2016-2017 the productivity of the variety increased from the first (early) sowing date to the last (from 0.7 to 1.115-1.22 t/ha). The exception was 2015 when increase in productivity was noted only in the second and third sowing data (from 1.45 to 2.13-1.78 t/ha respectively). The greatest average productivity was achieved in 2015 - 1.64 t/ha; the smallest one - in 2016 - 0.84 t/ha. In 2016-2017 the indices of germination energy and viability of seeds decreased from the first sowing date to the last one. The exception was the third sowing date in 2015 at germination rate of 98% or 6.5-11.3% higher than other planting dates. The highest percentage of viability and germination energy was in the seeds harvested in 2017 - 97.2 and 94.5%, respectively. The lowest parameters of sowing seed qualities were noted in 2016: viability - 89.6%, germination energy - 88.2%. The effect of the year and harvesting date on the productivity of spring soft wheat was observed. The most significant increase in productivity in 2016-2017 was observed in variant of the second harvesting date; in 2015 - in variant of the forth harvesting date. Decrease in indicators of grain unit and of 1000-grain mass occurred from first harvesting date until the last one. The average index of grain unit at the first harvesting date was 788 g/l; at the last date - 780 g/l, the average index of 1000-grain mass was 37.6 and 37.4 g, respectively. On the average, for the years of study according to the sowing qualities of grains, the first sowing date (early, at soil physical maturity) was recognized as the optimum date. Optimal harvesting date is the second (when 100% of plants reach full seed maturity).

variety, grain unit, 1000-grain mass, germination energy, viability

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