Adaptive reaction of barley varieties during environmental testing in the Udmurt Republic

Abstract

In the Udmurt Republic in 2014-2017 barley occupied from 35.4 to 36.2% of all acreage, covered with grain and leguminous crops. An assessment of the adaptive response of 10 varieties of barley (new and zoned) according to the data of five state growing test sites located in three natural and climatic zones of the Udmurt Republic was carried out. Raushan variety was used as standard. The parameters of environmental plasticity were determined by the method of S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russell set forth by V.Z. Pakudin; adaptability, environmental sustainability, stress tolerance and yield range - according to А.А. Goncharenko, genetic flexibility - according to V.A. Zykin. In various agro-climatic conditions of the republic, stably high yields (4.36 and 4.67 t / ha) of barley varieties have been established, which are formed in the central and southern part of the Udmurt Republic (Sarapulsky and Mozhginsky GSU). The yield of barley breeds varied depending on the year and environmental conditions from 32.2 to 42.3%. The best in yield varieties were chosen. They are: Pamyati Chepeleva, Torbellino, Nadezhny - 3.40-3.57 t/ha, exceeding the standard by 8-13%. These varieties had a high plasticity index (bi) - 1.08-1.20 (intensive breeds), their genetic flexibility was 4.26-4.62 t/ha, stress resistance - -5.60...-6.14 t/ha (Raushan - 0.85...3.88 t/ha and -4.84 t/ha, respectively). They revealed a strong correlation between the yield and the amount of precipitation during the sowing season (r = 0.73), during the “tillering-earing” period (r = 0.64). Inverse correlation (r = -0.71) was observed between the yield and the average daily air temperature during the “tillering-earing” period.