Improvement of crop rotations aimed at increasing their efficiency and conserving soil fertility in conditions of biological intensification
https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2019.20.5.467-477
Abstract
The long-term research conducted in 2002-2017 in a long stationary experiment on studying different types of field crop rotations under conditions of the Kirov region showed that on sod-podzolic soils the loss of humus could be lowered using agro technical methods. The most critical of them include the reduction of a portion of bare fallow, transition to sown and green-manure fallow, expanded use of perennial legume and grain-legume crops and intercrop sowings. In eight-field crop rotations when using such means of a biologization as plowing of the root-stubble residues, aboveground mass of green-manure crops in fallow fields and intercrop sowings, the supply of organic substance was within 17.24-83.03 t/ha. By mineral-ization of this substance 7.64-11.51 t of humus were produced. In a crop rotation with bare fallow there is a negative balance of humus of -0.06 t/ha. The positive balance is obtained when using sown, green-manure fallows, intercrop sowings (two-three fields), and introduction of up to 25% perennial legumes to the structure of crop rotations. The formation of 0.96-1.44 t/ha of humus in the arable layer provides positive balance of 0.20-0.72 t/ha. The increase of the part of grain crops up to 62.5-75.0% in the structure of crop rotations resulted in rise of their efficiency up to 4.74-4.79 thousand fodder units. It was 0.27-0.32 thousand fodder units higher than in the control crop rotation with bare fallow. Dependence of productivity of agricultural crops on humus content was insignificantly negative (r = -0.16). The efficiency of the studied crop rotations depended considerably on the amount of productive moisture in the soil in a phase of ear formation of grain crops (r = -0.78) and on biological activity of the soil (r = -0.80).
Keywords
sod-podzolic soils,
fallow fields,
intercrops and green-manure crops,
organic matter,
balance of humus,
root-stubble residues
Supporting agencies: The research was carried out within the state assignment of FARC North-East (theme № 0767-2019-0091).
About the Authors
L. M. Kozlova
Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N. V. Rudnitsky
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
DSc in Agricultural science, leading researcher, Head of the Department of Soil Management, Agrochemistry and Amelioration
Lenina str., 166a, Kirov, Russian Federation, 610007
priemnaya@fanc-sv.ru
E. N. Noskova
Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N. V. Rudnitsky
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
PhD in Agricultural science, researcher, the Laboratory of Soil Management and Amelioration
Lenina str., 166a, Kirov, Russian Federation, 610007
F. A. Popov
Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N. V. Rudnitsky
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
PhD in Agricultural science, researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Agrochemistry
Lenina str., 166a, Kirov, Russian Federation, 610007
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For citations:
Kozlova L.M., Noskova E.N., Popov F.A. Improvement of crop rotations aimed at increasing their efficiency and conserving soil fertility in conditions of biological intensification. Agricultural Science Euro-North-East. 2019;20(5):467-477. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2019.20.5.467-477
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