Influence of homozygosis by marker alleles of blood groups on the productivity, reproductive qualities and longevity of cows

Currently, in populations of different cattle breeds there is elimination of a number of alleles of blood groups and an in-crease in the homozygosity coefficient that leads to rise in the amount of homozygous animals. In this regard, the aim of the research was to study the effect of homozygosity by EAV-locus of blood groups on the productive and reproductive characteristics of cows. The research was carried out on the farms of the Smolensk region for breeding of Sychevskaya cattle breed: the “Rybkovskoye” breeding farm and pedigree breeding unit Agricultural Production Cooperative (APC) named after Uritsky. On these farms there were selected 2078 cows, homozygous according to alleles of EAV - locus of blood groups and heterozygous animals born in 2010-2014 (21 and 581, 50 and 1426 heads, respectively). The study has shown that the average milk yield over the productive life of homozygotes in the herd of the “Rybkovskoye” farm is insignificantly lower and on the farm named after Uritsky this parameter is significantly higher. Application of one-way ANOVA analysis determined the weak effect of genotype on the productivity of animals on the “Rybkovskoe” farm only for the first lactation with factorial effect in milk yield, milk fat and protein 1.2, 1.5 and 1.1%, respectively. On the breeding farm named after Uritsky the factorial effect in milk yield and fat
yield for the second lactation was 0.3 and 0.4%, and on the average over the life in milk yield it was 0.4%. The analysis of repro-ductive qualities: the age of the first calving, the age of the first fruitful insemination, multiplicity of insemination to lactation, the number of days before the first insemination in the current lactation, the duration of open days revealed close values, similar nature of distribution and variation of these indicators, absence of statistically significant differences between them in homozy-gotes and heterozygotes. A weak (2% or less) influence of homozygosity on productive longevity, which determines the superiority of homozygous cows over heterozygous, characteristic for samples from both farms, has been found.

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19. Dmitrieva V. I., Chernushenko V. K., Gontov M. E., Kol'tsov D. N. Rezul'taty ispol'zovaniya gomo-zigotnykh korov v stade SPK «Prigorskoe». [Results of use of homozygous cows in the herd of APC Prigorskoye].Nauka sel'skokhozyaystvennomu proizvodstvu i obrazovaniyu: materialy mezhdunar. nauchn.-prakt. konf., posvyashch. 30-letiyu so dnya osnovaniya FGOU VPO «Smolenskiy sel'skokhozyaystvennyy institut». [Science to agricultural production and education: Proceedings of International scientific and practical Conference dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the founding of the Federal state unitary enterprise "Smolensk agricultural Institute"]. Vol. 1. Zootekhniya i veterinarnaya meditsina. Smolensk, 2004. pp. 111-113.

20. Dmitrieva V. I., Kol'tsov D. N., Gontov M. E. Geneticheskaya kharakteristika sychevskoy porody krupnogo rogatogo skota po markernym genam grupp krovi. [Genetic characterization of Sychevskaya breed of cat-tle by marker genes of blood groups]. Sovremennoe sostoyanie i perspektivy sovershenstvovaniya simmental'skoy porody: materialy mezhdunar. nauchn.-prakt. konf. (8 – 11 oktyabrya 2018 g., p. Dubrovitsy), VIZh im. L.K. Ernsta. [Current state and prospects of improvement of Simmental breed: Proceedings of International scientific and practi-cal Conference. VIZh – Dubrovitsa (October 8 – 11, 2018)]. Dubrovitsy, 2018. pp. 33-39.

21. Kuz'mina N. V., Kol'tsov D. N. Produktivnoe dolgoletie korov cherno-pestroy porody. [Productive longevi-ty of cows of Black-and-White breed]. Teoreticheskie i prikladnye aspekty sovremennoy nauki: sb. nauchn. tr. po materialam nauchn.-prakt. konf. [Theoretical and applied aspects of modern science: Collection of scientific papers of scientific and practical conf]. Belgorod, 2015. pp. 58.

22. Valitov Kh. Z., Karamaev S. V. Immunogeneticheskie markery v selektsii krupnogo rogatogo skota po produktivnomu dolgoletiyu. [Immunogenetic markers in selection of cattle by productive longevity]. Izvestiya Nizhnevolzhskogo agrouniversitetskogo kompleksa: nauka i vysshee professional'noe obrazovanie = Proceedingsof Nizhnevolzskiy Agrouniversity Complex: Science and Higher Vocational Education. 2011;(3(23)):1-5. (In Russ).

23. Marzanova L. K., Popov N. A. Kontrol' za geneticheskoy izmenchivost'yu v stadakh molochnykh porod. [Control of genetic variability in herds of dairy breeds]. Molochnoe i myasnoe skotovodstvo = Journal of Dairy and Beef Cattle Farming. 2018;(8):16-18. (In Russ).

24. Gontov M. E., Chernushenko V. K., Dmitrieva V. I., Kol'tsov D. N. Khozyaystvenno-poleznye priznaki gomozigotnykh korov i ikh sverstnits v usloviyakh plemzavoda SPK «Dobrovolets». [The economic and useful character of homozygous cows and their contemporaries in the conditions of APC Dobrovolets pedigree farm]. Problemy uvelicheniya proizvodstva produktov zhivotnovodstva i puti ikh resheniya: materialy mezhdunar. nauchn.-prakt. konf. 21-23 oktyabrya 2008 g. [Problems of increase in production of livestock products and the ways of their decision: Proceedings of Interna-tional scientific and practical Conference]. Dubrovitsy, 2008. Iss. 64. pp. 68-69.

25. Dmitrieva V. I., Chernushenko V. K., Gontov M. E., Kol'tsov D. N. Rezul'taty ispol'zovaniya gomo-zigotnykh korov v stade SPK «Prigorskoe». [Results of use of homozygous cows in the herd of APC Prigorskoye].Nauka sel'skokhozyaystvennomu proizvodstvu i obrazovaniyu: materialy mezhdunar. nauchn.-prakt. konf., posvyashch. 30-letiyu so dnya osnovaniya FGOU VPO «Smolenskiy sel'skokhozyaystvennyy institut». [Science to agricultural production and education: Proceedings of International scientific and practical Conference dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the founding of the Federal state unitary enterprise "Smolensk agricultural Institute"]. Vol. 1. Zootekhniya i veterinarnaya meditsina. Smolensk, 2004. pp. 111-113.

26. Kuz'mina N. V., Kol'tsov D. N. Produktivnoe dolgoletie korov cherno-pestroy porody. [Productive longevi-ty of cows of Black-and-White breed]. Teoreticheskie i prikladnye aspekty sovremennoy nauki: sb. nauchn. tr. po materialam nauchn.-prakt. konf. [Theoretical and applied aspects of modern science: Collection of scientific papers of scientific and practical conf]. Belgorod, 2015. pp. 58.