Response of spring triticale varieties to application of mineral fertilizers

The research was conducted in 2018-2019 in the conditions of the Republic of Mari El on sod-podzolic soil. Studied was the response of five varieties of spring triticale to the basal application of mineral fertilizers N₆₀P₆₀K₆₀ and nitrogen fertilization N₃₀ in the tillering phase. In 2018, grain productivity of the Rovnya (standard), Saur and Dobroe varieties (3.80-4.07 t/ha) was significantly lower than that of the Hajkar and Zaozerie varieties (4.31-4.81 t/ha). The application of N₃₀ in the tillering phase against the background without mineral fertilizers for pre-sowing cultivation provided a significant increase in yield of the varieties Hajkar (0.67 t/ha, or +15%), Dobroe (0.68 t/ha, or +17%) and Saur (0.77 t/ha, or +20%). The payback of mineral fertilizers used for pre-sowing cultivation with the increase in grain yield was not high (3.7-7.7 kg). The application of nitrogen top dressing on the background without the use of mineral fertilizers for pre-sowing cultivation was effective: Hajkar, Saur and Dobroe varieties provided a payback of 22-25 kg of grain per 1 kg of fertilizers. In unfavorable arid agro-climatic conditions of 2019, the yield of the studied varieties decreased to 2.17-3.84 t/ha, but was significantly higher by 0.4-1.0 t/ha of the control variety Rovnya. The yield increase from nitrogen fertilization was less substantial and achieved reliable values (LSD₀₅ = 0.25 t/ha) in standard Rovnya variety (on the N₀P₀K₀ and N₆₀P₆₀K₆₀ backgrounds) − 0.35 and 0.51 t/ha, respectively, Dobroe variety (on the N₀P₀K₀ background) - 0.39 t/ha and Hajkar variety (on the N60P₆₀K₆₀ background) – 0.44 t/ha. The basal application of N₆₀P₆₀K₆₀ for pre-sowing cultivation allowed to increase significantly the production of feed grain in comparison with the non-fertilized background: by 0.42 t/ha in Rovnya standard, by 0.42 t/ha in Saur variety, by 0.94 t/ha in Dobroe variety, by 0.32 t/ha in Hajkar variety, by 0.34 t/ha in Zaozerie variety. The protein content in triticale grain was the highest in the variants with the basal application of fertilizers and nitrogen fertilization (13.9-15.8 %.). Dobroe variety showed the greatest response to the application of mineral fertilizers during both years of research.

main application of mineral fertilizers, nitrogen fertilization in tillering phase, yield, feed grain, protein

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