Screening of flax gene pool samples by fiber yield and their adaptability to the conditions of the Central Non-Black Earth Region

The research was carried out in 2017-2019 in the conditions of the Smolensk region on sod-podzolic medium loamy slightly acidic soil. The study included 25 varieties and lines of fiber flax of domestic and foreign selection. The mid-ripening variety Impuls (Russia) was used as a standard, whose yield, depending on the test year, was 1.07...1.29 t/ha. As shown by the calculations of the index of environmental conditions, the most favorable conditions for fiber flax developed in 2018 (I_j = +0.46), and stress conditions, caused by excessive moisture during the critical period of plant growth and development (GTC = 1.7), in 2017 (I_j = -0.55). On average, over the years of research, the yield of fiber, depending on the genotype, varied in the range of 1.00...1.97 t/ha. The highest yield on average for three years of testing (1.78...1.97 t/ha) and average yield in contrasting conditions were characteristic of the varieties Cesar, Sinel, Dobrinya (Russia), Marylin (Holland), Andrea, Altea (France). Under favorable weather conditions (2018), a high potential for the yield of flax fiber compared to the average value (121.5...133.3 %) was obtained in the varieties Cesar, Dobrinya, Sinel (Russia), Belita (Belarus), Andrea, Altea (France), Marylin (Holland). Under stressful conditions (2017), high adaptability was found in the samples of the Russian selection Cesar (173.4 %), Sinel (168.0 %), Dobrinya (151.1 %), Tost 3 (128.7 %), Alfa, Universal (127.7 %). The varieties Surskiy (bi = 2.2), Belita (Belarus), l. 323-02 (Russia), Marylin (Holland) − 1.7, Alexandrit (Russia), Andrea (France) – 1.5. Were characterized by high responsiveness to cultivation conditions (b_i> 1). Russian varieties with a relatively stable yield: Cesar, Sinel – 0.7, Alpha – 0.6, Lider, Smolich, Tost 3, Universal – 0.5, Impuls – 0,2 did not show reaction to changes in growing conditions (b_i <1). Thus, the domestic varieties Cesar, Dobrinya and Sinel have the highest yield of flax fiber and adaptability to the soil and climatic conditions of the Central Non–Black Earth Region. Expansion of fiber flax acreage under these varieties will provide strengthening of the domestic raw material base.

1. Ushchapovskiy I. V., Novikov E. V., Basova N. V., Bezbabchenko A. A., Galkin A. V. Sistemnye problemy l'nokompleksa Rossii i zarubezh'ya, vozmozhnosti ikh resheniya. [System problems of flax growing in Russia and abroad, the possibilities of their solution]. Molochnokhozyaystvennyy vestnik. 2017;(1(25)):166-186. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=28914488

2. Jhala A. J., Hall L. M. Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.): current uses and future applications. Aust J Basic Appl Sci. 2010;4(9):4304-4312. URL: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/b794/9ff906b2f6e5ec182c165a6fc93327329754.pdf

3. Goudenhooft C., Bourmaud A., Baley C. Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) Fibers for composite reinforcement: exploring the link between plant growth, cell walls development, and fiber properties. Front. Plant Sci. 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00411

4. Migulev P. I, Chernikov V. G., Rostovtsev R. A., Androshchyuk V. S. Len: problemy i perspektivy. Innovatsionnye podkhody k razvitiyu nauki i proizvodstva regionov: sb. nauch. tr. po mat-lam Natsional'noy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii. [Flax: problems and prospects. In collection: Innovative approaches to the development of science and production in the regions. Collection of scientific papers based on the materials of the National Scientific and Practical Conference]. Tver': izd-vo Tverskoy GSKhA, 2019. pp.199-201.

5. Ponazhev V. P., Rozhmina T. A., Pavlova L. N., Tikhomirova V. Ya., Pozdnyakov B. A., Sorokina O. Yu., Zakharova L. M., Ryzhov A. I., Smirnov A. A., Serkov V. A., Usherovich E. M. Len i konoplya: zonal'noadaptivnye sorta i tekhnologii proizvodstva. [Flax and hemp: zone adaptive varieties and production technologies]. Tver': Tverskoy GU, 2014. 321 p.

6. Bioklimaticheskiy potentsial Rossii: produktivnost' i ratsional'noe razmeshchenie sel'skokhozyaystvennykh kul'tur v usloviyakh izmeneniya klimata. [Bioclimatic potential of Russia: productivity and rational distribution of agricultural crops in the conditions of climate change]. Pod red. A. V. Gardeeva. Moscow: MSKh RF, 2012. 212 p.

7. Zhuchenko A. A. Adaptivnyy potentsial kul'turnykh rasteniy (ekologo-geneticheskie aspekty). [Adaptive potential of cultivated plants (ecological and genetic aspects)]. Vol. I, II. Moscow: OOO «Izdatel'stvo Agrorus», 2001. 1489 p.

8. Rybas' I. A. Povyshenie adaptivnosti v selektsii zernovykh kul'tur (obzor). [Breeding grain crops to increase adaptability (review)]. Sel'skokhozyaystvennaya biologiya = Agricultural Biology. 2016;51(5):617-626. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2016.5.617rus

9. Goncharova E. A. Izuchenie ustoychivosti i adaptatsii kul'turnykh rasteniy k abioticheskim stressam na baze mirovoy kollektsii geneticheskikh resursov: nauchnoe nasledie professora G. V. Udovenko. [Study of the resistance and adaptation of cultivated plants to abiotic stresses on the basis of the world collection of genetic resources: Scientific heritage of Professor G.V. Udovenko]. Pod red. akademika A. A. Zhuchenko. Saint-Petersburg: GNU VIR, 2011. 336 p.

10. Kuryleva A. G. Adaptivnaya reaktsiya sortov yachmenya pri ekologicheskom ispytanii v usloviyakh Udmurtskoy Respubliki. [Adaptive reaction of barley varieties during environmental testing in the Udmurt Republic]. Agrarnaya nauka Evro-Severo-Vostoka = Agricultural Science Euro-North-East. 2018;(6(67)):52-57. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2018.67.6.52-57

11. Mamaev V. V. Vyyavlenie sortov ozimoy rzhi s ekologicheskoy adresnost'yu dlya yugo-zapada tsentra Rossii. [Search for varieties of winter rye with environmental targeting for the southwest of central Russia]. Vestnik Ul'yanovskoy gosudarstvennoy sel'skokhozyaystvennoy akademii = Vestnik of Ulyanovsk state agricultural academy. 2018;(3):78-83. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.18286/1816-4501-2018-3-78-83

12. Korolev K. P., Bome N. A. Otsenka genotipov l'na-dolguntsa (Linum usitatissimum L.) po ekologicheskoy adaptivnosti i stabil'nosti v usloviyakh severo-vostochnoy chasti Belorussii. [Evaluation of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) genotypes on environmental adaptability and stability in the north-eastern Belarus]. Sel'skokhozyaystvennaya biologiya = Agricultural Biology. 2017;52(3):615-621. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2017.3.615rus

13. Koshcheeva N. S., Batalova G. A., Lyskova I. V., Kraeva S. N. Rezul'taty izucheniya kollektsionnogo materiala l'na-dolguntsa po kriteriyam khozyaystvenno tsennykh priznakov. [Results of study of long-fiber flax’s collection material by the parameters of economically valuable traits]. Agrarnaya nauka Evro-Severo-Vostoka = Agricultural Science Euro-North-East. 2018;(3(64)):39-43. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2018.64.3.39-43

14. Stepin A. D., Rysev M. N., Ryseva T. A., Utkina S. V., Romanova N. V. Skrining sortoobraztsov l'na- dolguntsa kollektsii VIR po urozhaynosti l'novolokna i parametram adaptivnosti v usloviyakh Severo-Zapadnogo regiona. [Screening of fiber flax varieties from the VIR collection according to flax fiber yield and adaptability parameters in the conditions of the Nortwestern region]. Agrarnaya nauka Evro-Severo-Vostoka = Agricultural Science Euro-North-East. 2020;21(2):141-151. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2020.21.2.141-151

15. Korepanova E. V. Fatykhov I. Sh. Ekologicheskaya plastichnost' sortov l'na-dolguntsa v usloviyakh Srednego Predural'ya. [Ecologial plasticity of sorts of long-stalk in the conditions of middle Ural`region]. Izvestiya Samarskoy gosudarstvennoy sel'skokhozyaystvennoy akademii = Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy. 2012;(4):27-30. (In Russ.).

16. Jankauskiene Z. Results of 90 years of flax breeding in Lithuania. Proc. Latv. Acad. Sci. Sect. B Nat. Exact Appl. Sci. 2014;68(3-4):184-192. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2014-0022

17. Dmitriev A. A., Kudryavtseva A. V., Krasnov G. S., Koroban N. V, Speranskaya A. S., Krinitsina A. A., et al. Gene expression profiling of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) under edaphic stress. BMC Plant Biology. 2016;16 (3):237. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-016-0927-9

18. Dmitriev А. A., Krasnov G. S., Rozhmina T. A., Novakovskiy R. O., Snezhkina A. V., Fedorova M. S., et al. Differential gene expression in response to Fusarium oxysporum infection in resistant and susceptible genotypes of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). BMC Plant Biology. 2017;17(2):253. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-017-1192-2

19. Zhivotkov L. A., Morozova Z. A., Sekatueva L. I. Metodika vyyavleniya potentsial'noy produktivnosti i adaptivnosti sortov i selektsionnykh form ozimoy pshenitsy po pokazatelyu urozhaynost'. [Methods for identifying potential productivity and adaptability of varieties and breeding forms of winter wheat in terms of yield]. Selektsiya i semenovodstvo. 1994;(2):3-6. (In Russ.).

20. Eberhart S. A., Russell W. A. Stability parameters for comparing varieties. Grop. Sci. 1966;6(1):36-40.

21. Rossielle A. A., Hamblin J. Theoretikal aspects of selection for yield in stress and non – stress environments. Grop. Sci. 1981;21(6):27-29.

22. Goncharenko A. A. Ob adaptivnoy sposobnosti i ekologicheskoy ustoychivosti sortov zernovykh kul'tur. [On adaptivity and ecological resistence of grain crop varieties]. Vestnik Rossiyskoy akademii sel'skokhozyaystvennykh nauk. 2005;(6):49-53. (In Russ.).