The effect of mineral fertilizers and liming on the properties of sod-podzolic soils and the productivity of legume-grass mixture in the conditions of the Komi Republic

The research was carried out in 1998-2018 in the conditions of the Komi Republic. Under study was the effectiveness of single application (1983) of lime doses (1.0; 2.0; 2.5 h. a.) and the systematic use of mineral fertilizers (N₆₀P₇₅K₇₅) against the background of lime effect in the cultivation of perennial grass mixtures (meadow clover, meadow timothy and cocksfoot). High efficiency was shown by liming at doses of 2.0 and 2.5 h. a., the effect remained for 35 years since their introduction to the soil. Thus, in 2018, the exchange acidity was 4.5-4.8 pHKCl (the initial 4.1-4.2 pHKCl). A similar decrease was observed in the hydrolytic acidity and the content of exchangeable aluminum in the soil. The amount of humus by 2018 increased to 1.7-1.8 % (the initial 1.4-1.5 %). The average yield of perennial grasses during soil liming at doses of 2.0 and 2.5 h .a. was 24.0-25.1 t/ha of green mass (5.3-5.5 t/ha of good quality dry matter), which is 52.8-59.8 % higher than the variant without fertilizers (15.7 green mass and 3.7 t/ha of dry matter). In the variant with the systematic use of NPK, the exchange acid content of the soil and the humus content remained at the initial level, the amount of the mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium increased to 198 and 121 mg/kg of soil (the initial 42 and 62 mg/kg). The average annual yield of grasses was 25.3 t/ha of green mass (5.4 t/ha dry matter) and was 61.1 and 45.9 % higher than the control. Against the background of the aftereffect of lime flour, the effect of NPK on soil properties was similar to the effect of non-fertilizing cultivation, with the exception of a significant increase in the availability of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium – up to 254-288 and 148-166 mg/kg, respectively. A high yield of green mass of 28.1-30.7 t/ha (6.4-6.7 t/ha dry matter) was obtained, exceeding the control by 78.9-95.5 %. In these variants, grass mixture of high quality was obtained: the content of crude protein – 13.8-13.9 %; dry matter – 21.8-21.9 %; the content of total phosphorus – 0.92-0.94 %; potassium – 2.93-2.95 % and calcium – 0.79-0.81 %. The amount of nitrates in the feed did not exceed the MPC (147-149 mg/kg dry matter). Long-term studies on sod-podzolic poorly cultivated soil showed that the optimal method for the cultivation of long-term legume-cereal grass mixture was the use of lime flour (2.0 and 2.5 h .a.) and the annual use of N₆₀P₇₅K₇₅.

1. Pochvy i zemel'nye resursy Komi ASSR. [Soils and land resources of the Komi ASSR]. Syktyvkar, 1975. 344 p.

2. Hirte J., Leifeld J., Abiven S., Oberholzer H.-R., Hammelehle A., Mayer J. Overestimation of crop root biomass in field experiments due to extraneous organic matter. Front Plant Sci. 2017;(8):284. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00284

3. Mineev V. G., Vasil'ev V. A., Luk'yanenkov I. I., Popov P. D., Semenov P. Ya., Kharlamov V. A. Organicheskie udobreniya v intensivnom zemledelii. [Organic fertilizers in intensive agriculture]. Moscow: Kolos, 1984. 157 p.

4. El'kina G. Ya. Optimizatsiya mineral'nogo pitaniya rasteniy na podzolistykh pochvakh. [Optimization of mineral nutrition of plants on podzolic soils]. Ekaterinburg.: UrO RAN, 2008. 276 p.

5. Shil'nikov I. A., Sychev V. G., Zelenov N. A., Akanova N. I. Izvestkovanie kak faktor urozhaynosti i pochvennogo plodorodiya. [Liming as a factor of productivity and soil fertility]. Moscow: VNIIA, 2008. 340 p.

6. Vitkovskaya S. E., Yakovlev O. N., Shavrina K. F. Vliyanie vozrastayushchikh doz dolomitovoy muki na kislotno-osnovnye svoystva dernovo-podzolistoy pochvy. [The influence increasing doses of dolomite flour on acid-base properties of soddy-podzolic soil]. Agrokhimiya. 2016;(7):3-11. (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=26470159

7. Mitrofanova E. M. Vliyanie dlitel'nogo primeneniya mineral'nykh udobreniy i posledeystviya izvesti na fosfatnyy rezhim dernovo-poverkhnostno-podzolistoy pochvy Predural'ya. [The influence of oontinuous application of mineral fertilizers and aftereffect of lime on phosphate regime of soddy-shallow-podzolic soils of the Urals]. Agrokhimiya. 2016;(7):36-43. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=26470163

8. Khomchenko A. A., Bulatova N. V., Chebotarev N. T. Vliyanie izvesti i mineral'nykh udobreniy na agrokhimicheskie svoystva i produktivnost' dernovo-podzolistoy pochvy. [Influence of lime and mineral fertilizers on the agrochemical properties and productivity of sod-podzol soil]. Zemledelie. 2016;(6):28-30. (In Russ.). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vliyanie-izvesti-i-mineralnyh-udobreniy-na-agrohimicheskie-svoystva-i-produktivnost-dernovopodzolistoy-pochvy4

9. Zav'yalova N. E., Storozheva A. N. Vliyanie dlitel'nogo primeneniya mineral'nykh udobreniy na fosfatnyy rezhim dernovo-podzolistoy tyazhelosuglinistoy pochvy. [Phosphate regime of soddy-podzolic soil under the long-term use of mineral fertilizers]. Agrokhimiya. 2015;(9):33-40. (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=24131693

10. Afanas'ev R. A., Merzlaya G. E. Soderzhanie podvizhnogo kaliya v pochvakh pri dlitel'nom primenenii udobreniy. [Content of exchangeable potassium in soils under long-term fertilization]. Agrokhimiya. 2013;(6):5-11. (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=19421520

11. Ghimire B., Ghimire R., VanLeeuwen D., Mesbah A. Covercrop residueamount and quality effects on soil organic carbon mineralization. Sustainability. 2017;(9):2316. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su9122316

12. Titova V. I., Varlamova L. D., Tyurnikova E. G., Arkhangel'skaya A. M., Nefed'eva V. V. Izmenenie produktivnosti kul'tur i agrokhimicheskikh pokazateley pochvy v devyatoy rotatsii sevooborota v mnogoletnem polevom opyte pri primenenii udobreniy. [Changes of crops productivity and soil agrochemical parameters during the ninth cycle of crop rotation in a long-term field fertilization experiment]. Agrokhimiya. 2013;(7):25-32. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=19421536

13. Mitrofanova E. N., Vasbieva M. T. Fosfatnyy rezhim dernovo-podzolistoy pochvy pri dlitel'nom primenenii organicheskikh i mineral'nykh udobreniy. [Phosphate regime of soddy-podzolic soil under the long-term use of organic and mineral fertilizers]. Agrokhimiya. 2014;(9):13-19. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=21987376

14. Mineev V. G., Gomonova N. F. Deystvie i posledeystvie udobreniy na plodorodie dernovo-podzolistoy srednesuglinistoy pochvy. [Effect and after-effect of fertilization on the fertility of loamy soddy-podzolic soil]. Agrokhimiya. 2005;(1):5-13. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9140429

15. Krishtaponite I., Maykshtenene S. Vliyanie dlitel'nogo primeneniya razlichnykh sistem udobreniya na plodorodie tyazhelosuglinistoy pochvy i produktivnost' sevooborota. [The effect of the long-term application of different fertilizing systems on the fertility of clay loamy soil and the productivity of crop rotation]. Agrokhimiya. 2005;(11):34-42. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9150781