Ecological regimes of soils of the Novgorod region drained by open drainage

In the natural and climatic conditions of the Novgorod region, the ecological regimes of lands drained by various open drainage structures were studied: channels through 70 m (control), runoff hollows in combination with the strips of cultivation, reclamation, and closed drainage. During the operation (1992-2021) of open drainage structures, the agrochemical state of soils changed: the exchange acidity decreased; the humus content increased by 2-3 %, with the exception of a combination of hollows with a reclamation strip (a decrease of 1.5 %); the content of mobile phosphorus and potassium decreased. The formation of groundwater regimes and moisture reserves on drainage systems depends on meteorological conditions, which in the last 5 years have been very diverse: from slightly arid (2020, HTC = 1.1) to excessively moist (2017, HTC = 2.65). The systems of runoff hollows in combination with the reclamation strip provided the lowest groundwater level, while in an extremely wet year they did not rise into the arable horizon. The most favorable moisture regime of the root-inhabited soil layer in excessively humid 2017 and subsequent years was noted on systems of runoff hollows with closed drainage in combination with reclamation strips. During dry periods, which are usually June-July, a lack of moisture in the root layer of the soil was observed on experimental systems of runoff hollows in combination with cultivation and reclamation strips. The most acute moisture deficiency in these periods (0.45 full capacity) was noted on systems combining runoff hollows with cultivation strips. The most favorable soil moisture regime (0.65-0.85 full capacity) was in the combination of hollows with closed drainage and a reclamation strip. The formed new ecological regimes of the soils drained by the hollow-strip method had a significant impact on the hay yield of perennial grasses (Phleum pratense, Festuca pratensis). The increase in yield compared to the control averaged 0.3-0.6 t/ha over 5 years.

1. Balun O. V. Effectiveness of drainage of agricultural land by closed drainage in climatic conditions of the Novgorod Region. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. International Scientific and Practical Conference Biotechnology in the Agro-Industrial Complex and Sustainable Environmental Management. 2020;613:012011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/613/1/012011

2. Balun O. N., Boytsov A. S. The state of land reclamation in the Novgorod region. Agrofizika = Agrophysica. 2013;(2):28-33. (In Russ.).

3. Mitrakhovich A. I., Kazmiruk I. Ch., Kondratyev V. N., Avramenko N. M. Enhancing the efficiency of drainage using new construction elements. Melioratsiya = Land reclamation. 2018;(2):5-12. (In Belarus). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=36332265

4. Sofia G., Ragazzi F., Giandon P., Dalla Fontana G., Tarolli P. On the linkage between runoff generation, land drainage, soil properties, and temporal patterns of precipitation in agricultural floodplains. Advances in Water Resources. 2019;124:120-138. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2018.12.003

5. Ivanov A. I., Gulyuk G. G., Yanko Yu. G. Relevant issues of land reclamation development in Non-black earth area. Melioratsiya i vodnoe khozyaystvo = Melioration and Water Management. 2020;(3):5-12. (In Russ.).

6. Ustinov M. T., Glistin M. V. Critical level of groundwater as a criterioncritical level of groundwater as a criterion ecological-meliorative state of soils. Melioratsiya i vodnoe khozyaystvo = Melioration and Water Management. 2018;(3):14-16. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=35357556

7. Bou Lahdou G., Bowling L., Frankenberger J., Kladivko E. Hydrologic controls of controlled and free draining subsurface drainage systems. Agricultural Water Management. 2019;213:605-615. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2018.10.038

8. Zinkovskaya T. S., Kovalev N. G., Zinkovskiy V. I. Optimization of soil water regime in potato growing on drained lands. Melioratsiya i vodnoe khozyaystvo = Melioration and Water Management. 2016;(1):40-44. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=26460455

9. Booman G. C., Latera P. Channelizing streams for agricultural drainage impairs their nutrient removal capacity. Journal of Environmental Quality. 2019;48(2):459-468. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2018.07.0264

10. Povilaitis A., Lamsodis R., Bastienė N., Rudzianskaitė A., Misevičienė S., Miseckaitė O., Gužys S., Baigys G., Grybauskiene V., Balevičius G. Agricultural drainage in Lithuania: a review of practices and environmental effects. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B: Soil and Plant Science. 2015;65:14-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2014.971050

11. Hu Q., Yang Y., Han S., Wang J. Deterioration of the quantity and quality of drainage water in agriculture as a result of the expansion of agricultural land and water-saving operations in arid basins. Agricultural Water Management. 2019;213:185-192. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2018.10.019

12. Motorin A. S. Fertility of peat soils in Western Siberia. Melioratsiya i vodnoe khozyaystvo = Melioration and Water Management. 2020;(1):16-22. (In Russ.).

13. Xie X. F., Pu L. J., Zhu M., Wu T., Xu Y., Wang X. H. Effect of long-term reclamation on soil quality in agricultural reclaimed coastal saline soil, Eastern China. Journal of Soils and Sediments. 2020;20:3909-3920. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-020-02698-w

14. Qi L,. Zhou P, Yang L. H., Gao M. Effects of land reclamation on the physical, chemical, and microbial quantity and enzyme activity properties of degraded agricultural soils. Journal of Soils and Sediments. 2020;20:973-981. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-019-02432-1

15. Tivo P. F., Saskevich L. A., Postnikova D. A. The methods of increasing the productivity of drained lands of Poozerye region. Melioratsiya = Land reclamation. 2020;(3(93):55-64. (In Belarus). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=44666547