Growing soybean plants by hydroponic method

Obtaining soybean yield under artificial conditions is possible when developing techniques that provide a high level of mineral nutrition and good illumination, as it is a light demanding crop. In this regard, the objectives of the research included the selection of optimal nutrient substrate and a mineral solution with a ratio of nutrients corresponding to the biological characteristics of soybeans, ensuring the level of illumination of plants for the active flow of photosynthesis and the formation of reproductive organs when growing an early maturing soybean variety Sentyabrinka. The research was carried out in laboratory experiments in 2019-2020 when growing plants on hydroponic installations PGS 2-3. For nutritional conditions, 3 nutrient solutions with different ratios of elements in solution were studied on two types of substrate: high-moor peat and mineral wadding in the form of cubes. To illuminate the plants, OSRAM 36 W fluorescent lamps were used with the intensity of plant illumination controlled by a light meter. For the early maturing variety Sentyabrinka, an illumination level of 19 thousand lux with a day length of 14 hours was used, which ensured active growth, development and fructification of soybean plants with a seed productivity of 0.88 g/plant and a vegetation period of 87 days. A nutrient solution with a content of mineral elements N₁₅₈P₂₅K₁₇₉Ca₁₂₀Mg₄₉ mg/l and an optimal sub-stratum mineral wadding cubes were selected. The use of mineral wadding and nutrient solution N₂₀₀P₁₂₀K₂₀₀Ca₂₈₀Mg₅₀ mg/l increased the number of beans in soybean plants by 3 pcs/plant compared with growing on peat, which led to an increase in the growing season by 3 days compared to the variant where a solution of N₁₅₈P₂₅K₁₇₉Ca₁₂₀Mg₄₉ mg/l was used.

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