The influence of light-gray forest soil tillage systems on biological activity of the soil and productivity of pea in the Nizhny Novgorod region

The research was conducted in 2017-2018 in the Nizhny Novgorod region on light-gray forest soil in the link of “spring wheat-pea” crop rotation. The article presents the results of study of the influence of soil tillage systems (traditional moldboard tillage with moldboard plow; non-moldboard “deep” tillage with boardless plow; non-moldboard “shallow” tillage with chisel cultivator Pottinger Synkro 5030 K; minimum tillage with disc harrow XM 44660 NOTHAD; zero tillage (No-till) with grain drill Sunflower 9421-20, mineral fertilizers (N60P60K60 kg of active ingredient) and straw destructors (ammonium nitrate in the dose of N10 kg of active ingredient per 1 t of straw and biological preparation  Stimix®Niva 2 ltr/ha) on the change in the indicator of biological activity of the soil and the yield of pea variety Krasivy. In the conditions of insufficient precipitation of the growing season of 2018, No-till technology resulted in a decrease in the average biological activity of the soil  by the tillage systems under study in pea plantings of Krasivy variety: by 6.3 % (from 18.6 to 12.3 %) compared to the traditional moldboard tillage system with moldboard plow; by 4.7 % (from 17.0 to 12.3 %) compared to the non-moldboard “deep” tillage with boardless plow; by 3.5 % (from 15.8 to 12.3 %) compared to the non-moldboard "shallow" tillage with a chisel cultivator; by 4.9 % (from 17.2 to 12.3 %) compared to the minimum processing with disk harrow. The use of the biological preparation Stimix®Niva as a straw destructor in arid conditions of 2018 was more effective than the use of ammonium nitrate in field test variants without application of mineral fertilizers (N60P60K60). The biological activity of the soil increased on fall plowing with moldboard plow by 3.8 % (20.8 and 17.0% respectively); on fall plowing with boardless plow by 5.3 % (18. 8 and 13.5 %); on minimum tillage with a disc harrow by 4.8 % (18.9 and 14.1 %). Under the weather conditions of 2018, the highest yield of Krasivy pea variety was obtained in the variant of field experiment where fall plowing with soil overturning to the depth of 20-22 cm with the use of ammonium nitrate as a straw destructor in a dose of 10 kg of active ingredient per 1 ton of straw was used as basic cultivation. The use of mineral fertilizers (N60P60K60) by this system of soil tillage in dry conditions did not affect the yield of Krasivy pea variety (2.70-of 2.76 t/ha). When using the No-till technology of pea production, the obtained yield in the conditions of the Nizhny Novgorod region in 2018 ranged from 0.74 to 2.24 t/ha.

moldboard tillage, non-moldboard tillage, zero tillage (No-till), biopreparation, straw, mineral fertilizers, destructor of straw

1. Ponomareva S.V. Izuchenie iskhodnogo materiala kollektsii gorokha v usloviyakh Nizhegorodskoy oblasti. [The study of the source material of the collection of peas in the Nizhny Novgorod region]. Agrarnaya nauka Evro-Severo-Vostoka = Agricultural Science Euro-North-East. 2018;(2(63)):23-28. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org /10.30766/2072-9081.2018. 63.2.23-28

2. Shelepina N.V., Shchurov A.Yu. Narodnokhozyaystvennoe znachenie i osobennosti khimicheskogo sostava zerna gorokha. [Economic value and features of the chemical composition of pea grain]. Nauchnye zapiski OrelGIET. 2010;(1):537-539. (In Russ.). URL: http://orelgiet.ru/docs/monah/144.shsh.pdf

3. Kozlova L.M., Popov F.A., Noskova E.N., Ivanov V.L. Uluchshennaya resursosberegayushchaya tekhnologiya obrabotki pochvy i primeneniya biopreparatov pod yarovye zernovye kul'tury v usloviyakh tsentral'noy zony Severo-Vostoka evropeyskoy chasti Rossii. [Improved resource-saving technology of tillage and application of biological products for spring crops in the Central zone of the North-East of the European part of Russia]. Agrarnaya nauka Evro-Severo-Vostoka = Agricultural Science Euro-North-East. 2017(3(58)):43-48. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/130

4. Kozlova L.M., Popov F.A., Noskova E.N., Denisova A.V. Primenenie osnovnykh elementov resursosberegayushchikh ekologicheski bezopasnykh tekhnolo-giy pri vyrashchivanii yarovykh zernofurazhnykh kul'tur v tsentral'noy zone Severo-Vostoka evropeyskoy chasti Rossii. [The use of basic elements of resource-saving environmentally friendly technologies in the cultivation of spring fodder-grain crops in the Central zone of the North-East of the European part of Russia]. Problemy intensifikatsii zhivotnovodstva s uchetom okhrany okruzhayushchey sredy i proizvodstva al'ternativnykh istochnikov energii, v tom chisle biogaza: sb. statey. [Problems of intensification of animal husbandry, taking into account environmental protection and production of alternative energy sources, including biogas: collection of articles]. Varshava: Institut tekhnologicheskikh i estestvennykh nauk v Falentakh, 2018. pp. 67-74.

5. Cherkasov G.N., Pykhtin I.G., Gostev A.V. Sovremennyy podkhod k sistematizatsii obrabotok pochvy v agrotekhnologiyakh novogo pokoleniya. [Modern approach to the systematization of soil tillage in the agricultural technologies of new generation]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK = Achievements of Science and Technology of AICis. 2016;30(1):5-8. (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=25651218

6. Ivenin V.V., Mikhalev E.V., Krivenkov V.A. Effektivnost' vozdelyvaniya pshenitsy yarovoy na fone polnogo mineral'nogo udobreniya pri vnedrenii resursosberegayushchey tekhnologii No-till v zernotravyanom sevooborote na svetlo-serykh lesnykh pochvakh Nizhegorodskoy oblasti. [Efficiency of cultivation of spring wheat on the background of complete mineral fertilizer at the introduction of resource-saving No-till technology in graingrass crop rotation on light gray forest soils of the Nizhny Novgorod region]. Agrarnaya nauka = Agrarian science. 2017;(11-12):22-24. (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=32329619

7. Ivenin V.V., Ivenin A.V., Shubina K.V., Mineeva N.A. Sravnitel'naya effektivnost' tekhnologiy vozdelyvaniya zernovykh kul'tur v zvene sevooborota na svetlo-serykh lesnykh pochvakh Volgo-Vyatskogo regiona. [Comparative efficiency of technologies of cultivation of grain crops in crop rotation on light gray forest soils of the Volga-Vyatka region]. Vestnik Chuvashskoy gosudarstvennoy sel'skokhozyaystvennoy akademii = Vestnik Chuvash State Agricultural Academy. 2018(3(6)):27-31. (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=36759589

8. Skipin L.N., Perfil'ev N.V., Zakharova E.V., Gaevaya E.V. Sostoyanie pochvy i urozhaynost' kul'tur pri raznykh sistemakh osnovnoy obrabotki. [Soil сondition and crop yield under different systems of basic tillage]. Plodorodie. 2014;(4 (79)):24-26. (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=21844865

9. Pegova N.A., Kholzakov V.M. Resursosberegayushchaya sistema obrabotki dernovo-podzolistoy pochvy. [Resource-saving system of cultivation of sod-podzolic soil]. Agrarnaya nauka Evro-Severo-Vostoka = Agricultural Science Euro-North-East. 2015;(1(44)):35-40. (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=22856649

10. Antonov V.G., Ermolaev A.P. Effektivnost' dlitel'nogo primeneniya minimal'nykh sposobov obrabotki pochvy v sevooborotakh. [The effectiveness of long-term use of minimum methods of tillage in crop rotations]. Agrarnaya nauka Evro-Severo-Vostoka = Agricultural Science Euro-North-East. 2018;(4 (65)):87-92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2018.65.4.87-92

11. Zaikin V.P. Sevooborot – osnova zemledeliya v sovremennykh usloviyakh. [Crop rotation is the basis of agriculture in modern conditions]. Resursy i tekhnologii ratsional'nogo proizvodstva sel'skokhozyaystvennoy produktsii: materialy konferentsii. [Resources and technologies of rational production of agricultural products: Proceedings of the Conference]. N. Novgorod: Nizhegorodskiy regional'nyy institut upravleniya i ekonomiki APK, 2000. pp 25-30.

12. Borin A.A., Korovina O.A., Loshchinina A.E. Obrabotka pochvy v sevooborote. [Tillage in crop rotation]. Zemledelie. 2013;(2):20-22. (In Russ.).

13. Dzyuin A.G. Vliyanie solomy v sevooborote na chislennost' mikroorganizmov i biologicheskuyu aktivnost' pochvy. [Influence of straw in the crop rotation on the abundance of microorganisms and soil biological activity]. Agrarnaya nauka Evro-Severo-Vostoka = Agricultural Science Euro-North-East. 2018;(1(62)):58-64. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2018.62.1.58-64

14. Filatova I.A. Formirovanie elementov produktivnosti gorokha v zavisimosti ot pogodnykh usloviy vegetatsionnogo perioda. [Formation of pea productivity elements depending on the weather conditions of the growing season]. Zemledelie. 2018;(6):44-47. (In Russ.).

15. Korchagin A.A., Il'in L.I., Mazirov M.A., Bibik T.S., Petrosyan R.D., Markov A.A., Gasparyan A.R. Resursy adaptatsii agrotekhnologiy v razlichnye po pogodnym usloviyam gody. [Resources of adaptation of agricultural technologies in years of various weather conditions]. Zemledelie. 2017;(1):16-20. (In Russ.).