Screening of fiber flax varieties from the VIR collection according to flax fiber yield and adaptability parameters in the conditions of the Nortwestern region

The article presents the results of screening of 20 varieties of fiber flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) according to the yield of flax fiber and adaptability parameters in the conditions of the Northwestern region. The variety Dobrynya (Russia) zoned in the region was taken as standard. On average, over the years of research (2015-2017), the yield of flax fiber in varie-ty numbers varied in the range of 1.22-2.67 t/ha. According to the calculations of the environmental conditions index, the most favorable conditions for growth and development of fiber flax varieties were in 2016-2017 (Ij = +0.07-0.73), the worst in 2015 (Ij = -0.79). The highest yield of fiber (t/ha) was observed in varieties Y 51269 (2.67) (China), A-236 (2.66), Dobrynya (2.49), M-249 (2.48) and L 280-02 (2.38) (Russia), Glazur (2.48) (Ukraine), which exceeded the average among the varieties by 9.7-2.3 %. Among them, the varieties Y 51269 (China) and A-236 (Russia) exceeded the standard by 0.17-0.18 t/ha, in two years of three the growth was reliable. The studied varieties did not fully realize their relatively high yield potential and were characterized by a strong degree of variability. The best indicators of stress resistance (0.79-1.16) were observed in Vesnichka, L-2 (Russia), B-226 (Lithuania), Tyy (China) the varieties and lines Dobrynya, M-249, A-236, L-6, L-4, L-5, L 280-02 (Russia), Glazur, Vruchiy (2.34-2.32) (Ukraine) and Tyy (2.33) (China) were genetically flexible genotypes (2.56-2.23). Samples B-226 (Lithuania), Glazur (Ukraina), L-2-1, Vesnichka, and L 280-02 (Russia) had high homeostatic values and low coefficient of variation. Highly responsive to environmental conditions were samples L-5, L-3, L-4, A-236, M-249, Dobrynya, (Russia), Sxy20, Sxy, Y 51269 (China), Vruchiy (Ukraine); plastic ˗- varieties Glazur (Ukraine), L 280-02, L-5-1, 85-58-26-20 (Russia); weakly responsive − Lu-1, Tyy (China), L-2-1, L-205, Vesnichka (Russia), B-226 (Lithuania). According to the yield of flax fiber and the complex of adaptability parameters, the cultivars B-226 (Lithuania), Y 51269 , Tyy, Lu 1 (China), L 280-02, L-6, A-236, Dobrynya (Russia), Vruchiy and Glazur (Ukraine) were distinguished. They had high stress resistance, genetic flexibility, plasticity and stability. They can be used as sources of adaptability when creating new varieties of fiber flax.

1. Ponazhev V. P., Pavlova L. N., Rozhmina T. N., Kudryavtseva L. P. Selektsiya i pervichnoe semenovodstvo l'na-dolguntsa. [Selection and primary seed production of fiber flax]. Tver': Tverskoy gos. universitet, 2014. 139 p.

2. Smirnova L. A., Pozdnyakov B. A., Rozhmina T. A., Ponazhev V. P., Pavlova L. N. L'nyanoy kompleks Rossii: faktory i usloviya effektivnogo razvitiya. [Flax complex of Russia: factors and conditions of effective devel-opment]. Moscow: FGBNU «Rosinformagrotekh», 2013. 142 p.

3. Rozhmina T. A., Pavlova L. N., Ponazhev V. P., Zakharova L. M. L'nyanaya otrasl' na puti k vozrozhdeniyu. [Linen industry on the way to revival]. Zashchita i karantin rasteniy. 2018;(1):3-8. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=32368923

4. Rozhmina T. A., Sorokina O. Yu., Kiseleva T. S., Smirnova M. I., Smirnova A. G. Skrining obraztsov kollektsii l'na po ego ustoychivosti k stressovym faktoram sredy. [Screening of samples of flax collection for its re-sistance to environmental stress factors]. Nauchnoe obespechenie proizvodstva pryadil'nykh kul'tur: sostoyanie, problemy i perspektivy: nauchnoe posobie. [Scientific support for the production of spinning crops: state, problems and prospects: a scientific guide]. Tver': Tverskoy gos. universitet, 2018. pp. 28-31.

5. Zhuchenko A. A. Adaptivnoe rastenievodstvo (ekologo-geneticheskie osnovy). [Adaptive crop production (ecological and genetic basis)]. Vol. I. Moscow: Izd-vo Agrorus, 2008. 814 p.

6. Sapega V. A., Tursunbekova G. Sh. Produktivnost' i parametry adaptivnosti sortov tverdoy yarovoy pshenitsy. [Productivity and Adaptive Potential of Winter Wheat Varieties under Different Agroecological Condi-tions]. Agrarnaya nauka = Agrarian science. 2013;(9):12-14. (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=23160605

7. Zhuchenko A. A. Adaptivnaya sistema selektsii rasteniy (ekologo-geneticheskie osnovy). [Adaptive system of plant breeding (ecological and genetic basis)]. Moscow: RUDN, 2001. Vol.1. 780 p.

8. Rybas' I. A. Povyshenie adaptivnosti v selektsii zernovykh kul'tur (obzor). [Breeding grain crops to increase adaptability (review)]. Sel'skokhozyaystvennaya biologiya = Agricultural Biology. 2016;51(5):617-626. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2016.5.617.rus

9. Kuryleva A. G. Adaptivnaya reaktsiya sortov yachmenya pri ekologicheskom ispytanii v usloviyakh Udmurtskoy respubliki. [Adaptive reaction of barley varieties during environmental testing in the Udmurt Republic]. Agrarnaya nauka Evro-Severo-Vostoka = Agricultural Science Euro-North-East. 2018;(6(67)):52-57. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2018.67.6.52-57

10. Mamaev V. V. Vyyavlenie sortov ozimoy rzhi s ekologicheskoy ad-resnost'yu dlya yugo-zapada tsentra Rossii. [Search for varieties of winter rye with environmental targeting for the southwest of central Russia]. Vestnik Ul'yanovskoy Gosudarstvennoy sel'skokhozyaystvennoy akademii = Vestnik of Ulyanovsk state agricultural acade-my. 2018;(3):78-83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18286/1816-4501-2018-3-78-83

11. Eberhart S. A., Russell W. A. Stability parameters for comparing varieties. Crop. Sci. 1966;6(1):38-40. URL: https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2135/cropsci1966.0011183X000600010011x

12. Rossielle A. A., Hamblin J. Theoretical aspects of selection for yield in stress and non-stress environvents. Crop.Sci. 1981; 21(6):27-29. URL: https://www.scirp.org/reference/ReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=1547866

13. Goncharenko A. A. Ob adaptivnosti i ekologicheskoy ustoychivosti sortov zernovykh kul'tur. [On adaptivity and ecological resistence of grain crop varieties]. Vestnik RASKhN. 2005;(6):49-53. (In Russ.).

14. Khangil'din V. V., Biryukov S. V. Problema gomeostaza v genetiko-selektsionnykh issledovaniyakh. [The Problem of homeostasis in genetic and breeding research]. Genetiko-tsitologicheskie aspekty selektsii sel'skokhozyaystvennykh rasteniy: cb. nauch. tr. VASKhNIL, Vsesoyuz. selekts.-genet. in-t. [Genetic and cytological aspects of plant breeding of agricultural plants: Collection of research papers of VASKhNIL, All-Union Selection and Genetic Institute]. Odessa: VSGI, 1984. p. 67-76. URL: https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01001227021

15. Zhivotkov L. A., Morozova Z. A., Sekatueva L. I. Metodika vyyavleniya potetsial'noy produktivnosti i adaptivnosti sortov i selektsionnykh form ozimoy pshenitsy po pokazatelyu «Urozhaynost'». [Methods for identifying potecial productivity and adaptability of varieties and breeding forms of winter wheat according to the indicator «Yield»]. Selektsiya i semenovodstvo. 1994;(2):3-6. (In Russ.). URL: https://istina.msu.ru/publications/article/2314139/ 16. Kil'chevskiy A. V. Genetiko-ekologicheskie osnovy selektsii rasteniy. [Genetic and ecological bases of plant breeding]. Informatsionnyy vestnik VOGiS. 2005;9(4):518-526. (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9127861

16. Korolev K. P., Boms N. A. Otsenka genotipov l'na-dolguntsa (Linum usitatissimum L.) po ekologicheskoy adaptivnosti i stabil'nosti v usloviyakh Severo-Vostochnoy chasti Belarusi. [Evaluation of flax (linum usitatissimum L.) genotypes on environmental adaptability and stability in the North-Eastern Belarus]. Sel'skokhozyaystvennaya biologiya = Agricultural Biology. 2017;52(3):615-621. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2017.3.615rus

17. Korepanova E. V., Fatykhov I. Sh. Ekologicheskaya plastichnost' sortov l'na-dolguntsa v usloviyakh Srednego Predural'ya. [Ecologial Plasticity of Sorts of Long-Stalk in the Conditions of Middle Ural`Region]. Izvestiya Samarskoy gosudarstvennoy sel'skokhozyaystvennoy akademii = Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy. 2012;(4):27-30. (In Russ.). URL: http://old.ssaa.ru/_struct/000/Izvest_4,%202012.pdf