Agrophytocenoses based on promising varieties of meadow clover on drained lands of the Non-Chernozem zone

The article presents data of studies carried out in the northwestern part of the Non-Chernozem zone (Tver region) in 2019. Studied were fodder mixtures based on meadow clover Kretunovsky, Green, Chance, Falensky 86 varieties mixed with variegated alfalfa Vega 87 variety and cereal components − timothy grass VIK 9 and meadow fescue Sakharovskaya varieties. The yield of dry weight of legumes and cereal grass stands of the first year of use during primary mowing in ferti-lized varieties was 4.4-6.9 t/ha at the height of grass stand of 66-77 cm and stalk density of 318-507 pcs/m2. The indicators in variants without fertilizers were lower, the height of the grass stand was 63-69 cm, the density was 334-595 pcs/m2 and the yield of fodder mass was 3.8-4.6 t/ha. Unfavorable climatic conditions during the period between mowings had a suppressive effect on growth and development of herbs, therefore, during the secondary mowing the height parameters of agrophytocenoses decreased by 1.2-1.3 times and did not exceed 32-44 cm against unfertilized background, 43-53 cm against a fertilized one. A decrease in shoot formation ability of herbs during the second mowing was not observed, the density of agrophytocenoses was at the level of 300-500 pcs/m. The yield of dry mass of the second mowing compared to the first mowing decreased by 1.3-1.7 times and was 2.2-5.4 t/ha. In the botanical composition of grass mixtures during the first mowing, leg-ume components prevailed − 35-65 %, during the secondary mowing the percentage of legumes did not exceed 15-30 %. The use of three-component grass mixtures in agriculture will make it possible to get from 6.7 to 9.3 tons per hectare of dry weight of complete feed for cattle for two mowings. Adaptation and cultivation on sod-podzolic soils in the humid zone of the Non-chernozem region of grass mixtures consisting of new-generation forage grasses is one of the reserves for increasing produc-tivity of forage crops by more than 10 %.

1. Kosolapov V. M., Pilipko S. V. Sostoyanie i perspektivy selektsii mnogoletnikh kormovykh kul'tur. [Cur-rent status and trends in breeding of perennial forage crops]. Kormoproizvodstvo = Forage Production. 2017;(7):25-27. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.25685/KRM.2017.2017.10196

2. Lazarev N. N. Urozhaynost' novykh sortov klevera lugovogo i lyutserny izmenchivoy v travosmesyakh so zlakovymi kul'turami. [Productivity of new varieties of meadow clover and variegated alfalfa in grass mixtures with cereal crops]. Kormoproizvodstvo = Forage Production. 2007;(2):8-10. (In Russ.).

3. Novoselov Yu. K., Shpakov A. S., Novoselov M. Yu., Rudoman V. V. Rol' bobovykh kul'tur v sovershenstvovanii polevogo travoseyaniya. [Role of legumes in perfection of field grass cultivation in Russia]. Kormoproizvodstvo = Forage Production. 2010;(7):19–22. (In Russ.).

4. Steiner J. J., Alderman S. C. Red clover seed production: VI. Effect and economics of soil pH adjusted by lime application. Crop Science. 2003;43(2):624-630. URL: https://dl.sciencesocieties.org/publications/cs/abstracts/43/2/624

5. Bychkov G. N., Prudnikov A. D., Litvinova A. B. Potentsial sortov klevera lugovogo. [The potential of meadow clover varieties]. Kormoproizvodstvo = Forage Production. 2009;(3):23-24. (In Russ.).

6. Voloshin V. A., Mal'tseva E. V. Sorta klevera lugovogo raznoy skorospelosti v kormosyr'evom konveyere v usloviyakh Permskoy oblasti. [Varieties of clover meadow of different early maturity in the feed conveyor in the conditions of the Perm region]. Kormoproizvodstvo = Forage Production. 2004;(9):27-31.

7. Onuchina O. L., Korneva I. A. Perspective early varieties of red clover for conditions of north-east of Eu-ropean of Russia. Sciences of Europe. 2017;21-3(21):3-7. URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=30778367

8. Pavlyuchik E. N., Kapsamun A. D., Ivanova N. N., Silina O. S. Rol' mnogoletnikh trav v sozdanii ustoychivoy kormovoy bazy pri konveyernom ispol'zovanii. [The role of perennial grasses in creating a sustainable feed base by conveyor use]. Agrarnaya nauka Evro-Severo-Vostoka = Agricultural Science Euro-North-East. 2019;20(3):238-246. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2019.20.238-246

9. Kosolapov V. M., Pilipko S. V., Kostenko S. I. Novye sorta kormovykh kul'tur – zalog uspeshnogo razvitiya kormoproizvodstva. [New varieties of fodder crops is the guarantee of successful development of fodder production]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK = Achievements of Science and Technology of AICis. 2015;29(4):35-37. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=23374009

10. Pavlyuchik E. N., Kapsamun A. D., Ivanova N. N., Tyulin V. A., Silina O. S. Ispol'zovanie rannespelykh sortov klevera lugovogo v travosmesyakh na osushaemykh zemlyakh Nechernozem'ya. [Short-season varieties of red clover on the drainage lands of the Non-Chernozem region]. Kormoproizvodstvo = Forage Production. 2019; (9): 12-15. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.25685/KRM.2019.2019.38412

11. Onuchina O. L., Korneva I. A. Ustoychivost' sortov klevera lugovogo k stressovym faktoram kisloy dernovo-podzolistoy pochvy. [Resistance of varieties of meadow clover to stress factors of acidic sod-podzolic soil]. Sel'skoe khozyaystvo. 2018;(2):1-8. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.7256/2453-8809.2018.2.28120

12. Onuchina O. L., Tumasova M. I., Gripas' M. N. Novye adaptivnye sorta klevera. [New adaptive varieties of clover]. Vestnik Izhevskoy gosudarstvennoy sel'skokhozyaystvennoy akademii = The Bulletin of Izhevsk State Agri-cultural Academy. 2007;(4 (14)):45-48. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=20256598

13. Onuchina O. L., Gripas' M. N., Arzamasova E. G., Popova E. V., Korneva I. A. Novyy sort klevera lugovogo Shans. [Shans - new red clover variety]. Agrarnaya nauka Evro-Severo-Vostoka = Agricultural Science Euro-North-East. 2017;(6(61)):20-24. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=32375866