Study of combining ability of meadow clover varieties for breeding purposes in the conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region

The article presents the results of research work on the assessment of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) in 14 varieties of meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.) of various ecological and geographical origin (Russia, Belarus). The study was aimed at identifying the best varieties according to productivity indicators for inclusion into the breeding process in the conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region. The study of initial cultivars and their hybrid forms F1 was carried out in the field experiment of 2009 with two-year use of grass stand (2010, 2011). The characteristics of cultivars according to the main morphological and biological characteristics (winter hardiness, length of the vegetative period, plant height, grass stand vigour) and economically significant indicators (collection of raw and dry phytomass, seed yield) in comparison with the zoned Dymkovsky variety are given. All varieties showed high winter hardiness in the conditions of the Kirov region (more than 79 %). By productivity of green mass the varieties Karmin, Trio, Stodolich (Russia) were selected. They provided significantly high productivity for 2 years of grass stand use (5.52-5.81 kg/m², +2.01-2.30 kg/m² to standard) and were characterized by medium value of GCA (104.2-109.6 %) and very high SCA (123.7-139.3 %). According to the total collection of dry phytomass, the best varieties were Karmin and Gefest (Russia) with a significantly high level of productivity (1.28; 1.29 kg/m², +0.49; 0.50 kg/m² to standard), medium GCA (102.4; 103.2 %) and very high SCA (133.3; 134.4 %). By seed yield, the most productive Russian varieties are Stodolishchensky, Trio and Svetlyachok (74.2-82.6 g/m², +8.8-17.2 g/m² to standard) with very high GCA (125.5-139.8 %) and SCA value of medium and high level (106.6-118.7 %). According to the results of the study, for further breeding work the following meadow clover cultivars of Russian research institutes breeding were included as components of new polycross populations: early-matured Karmin and Trio, late-matured Gefest and Svetlyachok.

1. Novoselov M. Yu., Drobysheva L. V., Matveeva O. S., Zyatchina G. P., Starshinova O. A., Odnovorova A. A., Zasimenko E. M. Sovremennye podkhody v selektsii klevera lugovogo dlya kormoproizvodstva Rossii. [Modern approaches to selection of meadow clover for feed production in Russia]. Zemledelie. 2014;2:43-46. (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=21444550

2. Novoselova A. S. Ekologicheskaya selektsiya i semenovodstvo klevera lugovogo. [Ecological selection and seed production of meadow clover]. Rezul'taty 25-letnikh issledovaniy tvorcheskogo ob"edineniya TOS "Klever". [Results of 25-year research of the creative association "Clover"]. Pod red. V. M. Kosolapova, Z.Sh. Shamsutdinova, O. S. Matveevoy. M.: OOO "El'f IPR"; 2012. 288 p. URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=18823917

3. Taylor N. L. A century of clover breeding developments in the United States. Crop science. 2008;45(1):1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2135/sropsci2007.08.0446

4. Blagoveshchenskiy G. V., Shtyrkhunov V. D., Timoshenko S. M. Adaptatsiya travyanykh agroekosistem v izmenyayushchemsya klimate Evropy. [Adaptation of grass agroecosystems under European changing climate]. Kormoproizvodstvo = Fodder Production. 2018;4:12-15. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.25685/KRM.2018.2018.12718

5. Gurova T. A., Osipova G. M. Problema sopryazhennoy stressoustoychivosti rasteniy pri izmenenii klimata v Sibiri. [The problem of combined stress resistance of plants under climate change in Siberia]. Sibirskiy vestnik sel'skokhozyaystvennoy nauki = Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science. 2018;48(2):81-92. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2018-2-11

6. Kosolapov V. M., Kostenko S. I., Pilipko S. V. Napravleniya i zadachi selektsii kormovykh trav v Rossii. [Nirections and tasks of breeding of forage grasses in Russia]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK = Achievements of Science and Technology of AICis. 2018;32(2):21-24. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.24411/0235-2451-2018-10205

7. Polyudina R. I., Grishin V. M. Geterozisnaya selektsiya klevera lu-govogo i sudanskoy travy v Sibiri. [Heterosis selection of meadow clover and Sudan grass in Siberia] Trudy Kubanskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta. 2018;72:298-302. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.21515/1999-1703-298-302

8. Manner R. Heterosis in red clover. Agricultural and Food Science. 1963;35(2):47-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.71596

9. Michaelson-Yeates T.P.T., Marshal A., Abberton M. T., Rhodes I. Self-compatibility and heterosis in white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Euphytica. 1997;94:341-348. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002989410326

10. Milic D., Ajdukovic K., Nagl N., Katanski S., Katic S. Heterosis in Alfalfa Breeding. Ratar. Povrt. 2013;50(3):60-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/ratpov50-5059

11. Bekuzarova S. A., Boraeva Z. B., Gasiev V. I. Formirovanie slozhno-gibridnykh populyatsiy na osnove introdutsirovannykh bobovykh trav. [Formation of complex-hybrid populations on the basis of introduced legume grasses]. Izvestiya Gorskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta = Proceedings of Gorsky State Agrarian University. 2015;52(3):30-36. (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=24102202

12. Novoselova A. S., Rubtsov M. I., Piskovatskiy Yu. M. Rezul'taty i perspektivy ispol'zovaniya geterozisnogo effekta v selektsii mnogoletnikh bobovykh trav. [Results and prospects of using the heterosis effect in the selection of perennial legumes]. Geterozis. Minsk: Nauka i tekhnika; 1982. pp. 82-98.

13. Lipovtsyna T. P. Iskhodnyy material v sozdanii polikrossnykh gibridov klevera lugovogo (Trifolium pratense L.). [The initial material in the creation of polycross hybrids of meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.)]. Idei N. I. Vavilova v sovremennom mire: IV Vavilovskaya mezhd. nauch. konf. [Ideas of N. I. Vavilov in the modern world: The IVth Vavilov International scientific conference]. Saint-Petersburg: VIR; 2017. pp. 272-273. (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=30709956

14. Kedrov-Zikhman O. O. Polikross-test v selektsii rasteniy. [Polycross test in plant breeding]. Minsk: Nauka i tekhnika; 1974. 127 p.

15. Novoselova A. S. Klever v Rossii. [Clover in Russia]. Voronezh: Izdatel'stvo im. E. A. Bolkhovitinova; 2002. 297 p.

16. Turbin N. V., Khotyleva L. V., Tarutina L. A. Diallel'nyy analiz v selektsii rasteniy. [Diallel analysis in plant breeding]. Minsk: Nauka i tekhnika; 1974. 180 p.

17. Godunov I. A. Metod izucheniya kombinatsionnoy sposobnosti klevera lugovogo. [Method for studying the combining ability of meadow clover]. Selektsiya i semenovodstvo. 1984;9:10-12. (In Russ.).

18. Spraynaytis A. P., Svirskis A. A. Effektivnost' metoda polikrossa v selektsii klevera polzuchego. [Efficiency of the polycross method in the white clover breeding]. Selektsiya i semenovodstvo. 1985;3:19-21. (In Russ.).

19. Bome N. A., Petunina T. L. Otsenka kombinatsionnoy sposobnosti selektsionnogo materiala lyutserny metodom polikrossa. [Evaluation of the combining ability of alfalfa breeding material by polycross method]. Selektsiya i semenovodstvo. 1987;3:12-14. (In Russ.).

20. Urazova L. D., Lozhkina O. V. Ispol'zovanie metoda polikrossa v selektsii ovsyanitsy lugovoy. [Use of the polycross method in meadow fescue breeding]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK = Achievements of Science and Technology of AICis. 2012;5:13-15. (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=17734091

21. Briggs F., Noulz P. Nauchnye osnovy selektsii rasteniy. [Scientific basis of plant breeding]. Moscow: Kolos; 1972. 399 p.

22. Zar'yanova Z. A., Kiryukhin S. V. Izuchenie kombinatsionnoy sposobnosti sortov i selektsionnykh nomerov klevera lugovogo po priznaku semennoy produktivnosti. [Study of the combining ability of meadow clover varieties and breeding numbers according to seed productivity]. Obrazovanie, nauka i proizvodstvo. 2014;4(9):8-12. (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=25776955

23. Novoselov M. Yu., Starshinova O. A. Sozdanie slozhnogibridnykh populyatsiy klevera lugovogo (Trifolium pratense L.) na osnove vysokogeterozisnykh gibridov F1. Mnogofunktsional'noe adaptivnoe kormoproizvodstvo. [Creation of complex hybrid populations of meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.) based on high-heterosis hybrids F1. Multifunctional adaptive feed production]. Moscow: OOO «Ugreshskaya tipografiya»; 2017;13(61):75-80. URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=29252920

24. Kosolapov V. M. Adaptivnye sorta kormovykh trav dlya ekstre-mal'nykh usloviy Rossii. [Adaptive varieties of forage grasses for extreme conditions in Russia]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK = Achievements of Science and Technology of AICis. 2013;7:71-73. (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=19960829

25. Zar'yanova Z. A., Tsukanova Z. R., Kiryukhin S. V. Osobennosti khozyaystvennykh i biologicheskikh priznakov novogo sorta klevera lugovogo Suvenir. [Features of economic and biological characteristics of the new variety of red clover Souvenir]. Zernobobovye i krupyanye kul'tury = Legumes and groat crops. 2015;3(15):30-34. (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=24116415

26. Gripas' M. N., Tumasova M. I., Demshina N. A., Ustyuzhanin I. A., Onuchina O. L. Osnovnye rezul'taty i perspektivy selektsii mnogoletnikh trav na Severo-Vostoke Evropeyskoy chasti Rossii. [Onuchina O. L. Main results and prospects of perennial grasses breeding in the North-East of the European part of Russia]. Sostoyanie i perspektivy razvitiya nauchnogo obespecheniya sel'skokhozyaystvennogo proizvodstva na Severe: Nauch.-prakt. konf., posvyashchennaya 50-letiyu GNU NIPTI APK Respubliki Komi i 125-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya A. V. Zhuravskogo. [Situation and prospects of development of scientific support of agricultural production in the North: Scientific and practical conference devoted to the 50th anniversary of GNU NIPTI APK of Komi Republik and 125th anniversary of A. V. Zhuravsky]. Syktyvkar; 2007. pp. 32-39.