Retrospective analysis of adaptive properties of barley varieties bred by FRC «Nemchinovka»

The article presents the results of six-year studies (2015-2020) of 19 varieties of spring barley belonging to different periods of variety changing bred by FRC “Nemchinovka". The research was aimed at comprehensive assessment of yield, adaptive features and other agronomic characters and properties of spring barley for determining the main tendencies of changing their properties during many years of breeding work in the conditions of the Central Non-Chernozem Zone. Due to high potential productivity, which was demonstrated in optimal conditions for barley and the ability of the crop to resist yield reduction during bad weather conditions, the high-intense barley varieties zoned during last 20 years, proved to be the best according to average yield indicators. Maximum average yield in these groups was 8.17 t/h, minimum one was 3.05 t/h that was higher than average yield among varieties in previous periods of breeding work by 19.3 % and 10.5 %, respectively. The retrospective analysis determined the direction of breeding shifts in adaptive properties and productivity elements associated with an increase in the economic and biological value of barley varieties in the process of selective breeding improvement. Judging by the average plasticity indices (V = 35.4 %; bi = 1.13; σ = 2.12) the varieties of the latest stages of breeding work were 18.8; 36.1 and 37.7 % more responsive to improving environmental conditions as compared to the varieties of the last century. The relative average value of the adaptability coefficient exceeding unity (KA = 1.02-1.19) indicated a stronger reaction of modern barley varieties to resist the action of factors that reduce their potential productivity. With yield growth and increase in adaptability, the architectonics of barley plants was changing and resistance to lodging and helminthosporiosis raised. There has been established a tendency to increase the most important element of the crop structure "the number of productive ears per 1 m²" and to decrease the indicator "weight of 1000 grains". The information obtained on the basis of a comprehensive assessment of varieties by economic and biological indicators makes it possible to determine the ways of selective breeding improvement of the crop.

1. Yakushev V. P., Mikhaylenko I. M., Dragavtsev V. A. Agrotekhnologicheskie i selektsionnye rezervy povysheniya urozhaev zernovykh kul'tur v Rossii. [Reserves of agro-technologies and breeding for cereal yield increasing in the Russian Federation]. Sel'skokhozyaystvennaya biologiya = Agricultural Biology. 2015;50(5):550-560. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=24846604

2. Rybas' I. A. Povyshenie adaptivnosti v selektsii zernovykh kul'tur. [Breeding grain crops to increase adaptability]. Sel'skokhozyaystvennaya biologiya = Agricultural Biology. 2016;501(5):517-626. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=27298379

3. Nikiforov V. M., Nikiforov M. I., Mameev V. V. Urozhaynost' i kachestvo zerna sortov yachmenya v intensivnykh tekhnologiyakh vozdelyvaniya. [Yield and grain quality of spring barley varieties in the intensive cultivation technologies]. Vestnik Bryanskoy gosudarstvennoy sel'skokhozyaystvennoy akademii. 2019;(6 (76)):8-13. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41466919

4. Zhuchenko A. A. Adaptivnoe rastenievodstvo (ekologo-geneticheskie osnovy). [Adaptive crop production (ecological and genetic bases)]. Kishinev: Shtiintsa, 1990. 432 p.

5. Bisharev A. A., Shevchenko S. N., Madyakin E. V., Kalyakulina I. A., Dyul'dina M. A, Dvortsova T. V. Vliyanie agrometeorologicheskikh usloviy na urozhaynost' zerna yarovogo yachmenya v usloviyakh Srednego Povolzh'ya. [The influence of agrometeorological conditions on grain yield of spring barley in the conditions of middle Volga region]. Izvestiya Samarskogo nauchnogo tsentra Rossiyskoy akademii nauk = Izvestia of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2018;20(2-4(82)):667-670. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=37313255

6. Postnikov P. A. Vozdeystvie predshestvennikov i meteorologicheskikh usloviy na urozhaynost' yarovogo yachmenya. [The influence of predecessors and meteorological conditions on spring barley productivity]. Vestnik KrasGAU = The Bulletin of KrasGAU. 2018;(4):48-53. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=35423839

7. Baykalova L. P., Serebryannikov Yu. I. Rol' sorta v povyshenii urozhaynosti yachmenya v usloviyakh lesostepi Krasnoyarskogo kraya. [The role of variety in increasing yields of barley in the forest-steppe of Krasnoyarsk region]. Vestnik KrasGAU = The Bulletin of KrasGAU. 2016;(7):167-172. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=26273331

8. Koshelev B. S., Bushukhina L. L. Ekonomicheskaya effektivnost' ispol'zovaniya intensivnykh tekhnologiy vyrashchivaniya zernovykh kul'tur v 80-kh godakh KhKh veka v Zapadnoy Sibiri. [Economic efficiency of intensive technologies of cereal crops cultivation in the 80s of the 20th century in Western Siberia]. Vestnik Omskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta = Vestnik of Omsk SAU. 2017;(2 (26)):139-146. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=29344988

9. Andreev M. I., Mar'ina-Chermnykh O. G. Vliyanie intensivnykh sistem zemledeliya na pochvennuyu biotu. [Impact of intensive cropping systems on soil biota]. Vestnik Mariyskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya «Sel'skokhozyaystvennye nauki. Ekonomicheskie nauki» = Vestnik of the Mari State University Chapter «Agriculture. Economics». 2017;3(4(12)):11-15. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=32321194

10. Bingham I. J., Karley A. J., White P. J., Thomas W. T. B., Russell J. R. Analysis of improvements in nitrogen use efficiency associed with 75 years of springs barley breeding. European Journal of Agronomy. 2012;42:49-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2011.10.003

11. Filenko G. A., Firsova T. I. Semenovodstvo yachmenya v Rostovskoy oblasti. [Seed-growing of barley in Rostov region]. Agrarnaya nauka Evro-Severo-Vostoka = Agricultural Science Euro-North-East. 2015;(4):16-21. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=23857047

12. Popova E. N., Muzafarov N. M. Agroekologicheskaya otsenka vozdelyvaniya yarovykh zernovykh kul'tur v Levoberezhnoy Lesostepi Ukrainy. [Agroecological assessment of the cultivation of spring grain crops in the Left-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine]. Vestnik Belorusskoy gosudarstvennoy sel'skokhozyaystvennoy akademii = Bulletin of the Belarusian State Agricultural Academy. 2018;(3):115-119. (In Belarus). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=36000488

13. Kuznetsova T. E., Levshtanov S. A., Serkin N. V., Nesterenko V. V., Veretel'nikova N. A., Ostanina T. V. Metody i rezul'taty selektsii yarovogo yachmenya na Kubani. [Methods and results of spring barley breeding in Krasnodar region]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK = Achievements of Science and Technology of AICis. 2015;29(12):20-22. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=25279736

14. Ashiev A. R., Khabibulin K. N., Skulova M. V. Agroekologicheskaya otsenka novykh liniy soi selektsii «Agrarnogo nauchnogo tsentra «Donskoy». [Agroecological estimation of the new soybean lines developed in the Agricultural research center «Donskoy»]. Zernovoe khozyaystvo Rossii = Grain Economy of Russia. 2019;(6 (66)):7-11. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41856697

15. Ivanisov M. M., Marchenko D. M., Nekrasov E. I., Rybas' I. A., Romanyukina I. V., Kravchenko N. S. Rezul'taty izucheniya sortov ozimoy myagkoy pshenitsy razlichnogo ekologo-geograficheskogo proiskhozhdeniya v usloviyakh yuga Rostovskoy oblasti. [The study results of the winter soft wheat varieties of various ecological and geographical origin in the south of the Rostov region]. Zernovoe khozyaystvo Rossii = Grain Economy of Russia. 2019;(6 (66)):12-17. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41856698

16. Macholdt J., Honermeier B. Impact of climate change on cultivar choice: adaptation strategies of farmers and advisors in German cereal production. Agronomy. 2016;6 (3):40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy6030040

17. Eroshenko L. M., Eroshenko A. N., Romakhin M. M., Eroshenko N. A. Selektsiya innovatsionnykh sortov yarovogo yachmenya v usloviyakh tsentral'nogo Nechernozem'ya. [Breeding of the innovative varieties of spring barley in the central black earth region]. Zernovoe khozyaystvo Rossii = Grain Economy of Russia. 2017;(3 (51)):25-28. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=29385635

18. Serebryannikov Yu. I. Vliyanie abioticheskikh faktorov na massu 1000 zeren sortov yachmenya v usloviyakh Kanskoy lesostepi. [The influence of abiotic factors on mass one hundred grains of the barley sort in the Kansk forest-steppe]. Vestnik KrasGAU = The Bulletin of KrasGAU. 2015;(12):96-103. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=25054278