The study of onion source material in the light-brown soils of the Caspian Sea arid zone

In the conditions of the Astrakhan region there have been studied onion accessions of various ecological and geographical origin from the world collection of the Federal Research Center N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources. The aim was to search and isolate sources and donors of agronomic traits for breeding work. Over three years of study (2017-2019), 117 onion samples were evaluated, of which 14 most promising accessions were identified based on the results of phenological, morphological and biometric observations and counts. The most productive samples with the yield from 52.3 to 64.1 t/ha in the conditions of the light-brown soils from Australia (Selfed), Hungary (Zillani), USA (Red Mom), Canada (Nothern) have been selected. Of these, the most adaptive to the conditions of the arid zone are Nothern, Selfed, Zillani, Red Mom (adaptability coefficient 1.19...1.46). According to the index form (1.0), the following specimens were identified: Vertus (Denmark), Southport (Canada), Zillani (Hungary), Jetset (Netherlands), Encore (USA), Kyrmyz (Abkhazia). Varieties with the complex of agronomictraits are the most valuable source material for onion breeding in the arid zone of light-brown soils of the Astrakhan region: Selfed (Australia), Zillani (Hungary), Red Mom (USA), Nothern (Canada).

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