Using of genetic diversity is one of the factors of successful oat breeding. Screening of sources with high yield, resistance to abiotic (high soil acidity and drougth) and biotic (pathogens) stressors, early maturity, high grain quality is actual for Volga-Vyatka region. Studies were conducted in contrast climatic conditions on favorable and natural acid (provocative) soil backgrounds in Kirov region. The most promising accessions are 15068 Konkur (Russia) and 14983 Hybrid (Mexico) having resistance to soil acidity and drought and high grain quality. Accessions 15069 Rysak (Russia), 14967 Florida 657 (USA), and 15082 Ivory (Germany) are recommended to include in crossing with adaptive varieties of local breeding. Sources are selected having high resistanse to soil acidity and high grain quality: 15065 Irtysh (Russia), Yakov (Russia), 15127 SW Betania (Sweden), 15052 Rigja (Norway), 14966 Winter Dum (South Africa) etc. For breeding to early maturity accessions 22h10 Eaton (Russia), 14964 Zwarte president (Netherlands), 15257 RA 7836-416, 15258 RA 7836-2701, 15264 RA 7967-11690, 14620 Newman (USA), 15111 L-15 (Colombia), 15027 C.I. 9101 (Turkey), 14991 ОА 309 (Canada) etc are recommended as paternal forms. Sources of high grain quality and resistance to pathogens are 15184 AC-7 (Russia), 14970 Illinois 62-1532 (USA), 14535 Urano Inia (Chile) etc.

Results of 2007-2015 immunological studies on search of sources of barley's non-specific resistance to helminthosporium diseases (root rot, leaf spots: bacterial stripe, halo blight, etc) under conditions of Kirov region are presented in the article. Immunologic status of 380 spring barley samples from VIR's world collection and of 140 varieties and perspective lines bred in North-East Agricultural Research Institute are analyzed. Studies were conducted under conditions of natural and artificial epiphytoses of local infectious populations. As a whole, low frequency of obtaining of immunologically value samples is reported: in VIR's collection, it is equal to 9.5% average for all diseases and in collection of North-East Agricultural Research Institute - 11.4%. Much less samples had combination of resistance with productivity at standard level or higher - about 5.6%. At 3-7 year study of barley genofund under hard infectious backgrounds sources were revealed of resistance to one, two, or more diseases. Following varieties had complex resistance to three types of leaf spot: Medicum 336 (Russia), Mironovsky 86 and Surpriz (Ukraine), Margret (Germany), Korona Lashego (Poland), ^dac (Canada), and perspective lines of authors' breeding: 917-01, 138-09, and 247-09. Line 917-01 (Forward) created by a method of agricultural biotechnology passes State Tests. Variety Medicum 336 bred in Samara Agricultural Research Institute has resistance to all types of helminthosporioses. All samples were tested on yield structure elements and potential productivity. It is revealed that variety Medicum 336 has high level of 1000 grain mass and high amount of fruit-bearing shoots; varieties Mironovsky 86 and Natali have high level of 1000 grain mass; variety Surpriz - high level of 1000 grain mass and productivity; varieties Edem and ^dac - early ripening and productivity and so on. Perspective lines of spring bar- ley are created using of some sources which pass competitive tests now. Among them there are such lines as 43-05, 457-08, and 341 -08 that exceed standard varieties on productivity by 0.16- 0.63 t/ha or by 4-17%.

The varieties of Sudan grass are able to form high productivity of green chop, but they do not fully meet the requirements of modern agriculture. It is necessary to develop early maturing varieties of Sudan grass, having good tillering, good foliage (35-40%) with a thin, succulent stem and good productivity of green chop. The purpose of the study is to develop the collection of Sudan grass with the main economic-valuable traits for accelerate the breeding process. Twenty-five samples have been obtained as the sources of early maturing. The samples ‘Mnogoukosnaya Rossiyanka’ and ‘Zheltozernaya 754’ are the most valuable ones among them, having the same productivity as the standard variety. Their use in the hybridization will allow obtaining more early maturing varieties that will give the opportunity to do three mowings of the green chop. According to the tillering 19 samples-sources with 5-9 stems per plant have been selected. The most valuable forage varieties with good foliage are ‘М/12’, ‘SudankaМ/2’,’М4/9’, ‘Topoleynaya 8’, ‘Korichnevoplenchataya’, ‘К- 347’and‘К-120’. The use of the sources of high tillering and foliage will allow developing the varieties with larger productivity of green chop. To grow the sorghum-Sudan hybrids with succulent stems we have selected the samples ‘КК-138’, ‘255’, ‘278’, ‘305’, ‘307’, ‘479’ and^^T as the sources of the trait. The samples ‘Chishminskaya rannyaya’ and ‘Priobskaya 97’ which combine early maturity, high tillering and stem thinness, are the most valuable ones for the breeding of Sudan grass for stem thinness. According to the productivity of green chop (48-56 t/ha) and absolutely dry matter (11.5-12.7 t/ha) we have selected 8 varieties of Sudan grass (‘Topolina’, ‘Krasava’, ‘Arkadiya’, ‘Vesta’, ‘Chernoplenchataya 11’ and others). They are used in the hybridization with the sources of various economic-valuable traits.

Influence of pectin polysaccharidess on the seed sowing properties, growth and development of carrot plants is studied in the conditions of Republic of Komi. As a growth bio-stimulants water solutions of some pectins are used in experiments: lemnan - extracted from a small duckweed (Lemna minor L.); silenen - from callus tissue of campion (Silene vulgaris (M.) G. [Oberna behen (L.) Ikonn]); heracleuman - from Sosnovsky hogweed (Heracleum sosnowsky L.). It is established that at seed treat with preparations energy of germination increased by 9.9-15.5% and laboratory germination by 10.5-12.0%. Infection with pathogenic fungi Alternaria radicina M.Dr. et E in seeds treated with bio-stimulants lowed down from 11.8 in control to 0.3% in a variant with silenen. Sowing material under influence of preparations was fully disinfected from the causative agent of bacteriosis Erwinia carotovora (Jones) Holl. It assisted the acceleration of carrot shoots' appearance by 3-4 days; the increase in vegetative mass of plants; and an earlier onset of beam maturity. Treatment of seed and sowing of carrot substantially influenced on the increase of mass of root crops. By the time of technical maturity root mass under the influence of pectin polysaccharides increased by 11.0-28.9% compared with the control. As a result, the overall yield increased respectively by 14.5-30.7%. The most energy effective variant of treatment is selected - use of pectin polysaccharides from campion tissue which obtained productivity of table carrot of 39.6 t/ha at less energy cost of a 1 ton of products (by 5.6%) in comparison with control.

Results of studying influence of agrometeoconditions on the basic economically valuable parameters (productivity, content of fibre and its quality) of long-fibred flax in the east of the central agroclimatic zone of the Kirov region during 2001 ... 2015 are stated in the article. For last 15 years, a tendency is observed of increase of a temperature mode and decrease in an amount of precipitation in May, i.e. during the period «sowing - seedling» that extended approach of a phase "seedlings". The period of fast growth of long-fibred flax's plants in the conditions of Falenki Plant-Breeding Station fall at June. Productivity of straw and fiber in long-fibred flax is considerably reduced with short-term droughts if they coincided with this period. The lack of moisture in June has been noted in 33.3% of years of researches. Essential correlations of productivity parameters of varietal collection of long-fibred flax with hydrothermal factor of June are established. The technical height of plants depended on agro-meteorological conditions in period of fast growth (r = 0.81), productivity of straw and accordingly productivity of a fibre (r = 0.71), and duration of the growing season (r = 0.54). The sums of effective temperatures have render negative influence on the content of fibre and its quality (flexibility and durability) (r = -0.15; -0.60; -0.36 accordingly). Optimum conditions of development of economically valuable parameters of long-fibred flax on the sum of effective temperatures and a GTK have developed in 2009 - the sum of effective temperatures for the growing season has made 1205 °С, GTK - 1,49. Samples of domestic breeding were selected by yield of seed, straw, and fibre- Jubilejnyj-87, G-4254, АР₄, АР₅, АР₆ (Research institute of flax);- Pskovskij 93, Antej (Pskov Agricultural Research Institute); TOST 4 (Siberian research institute of agriculture and peat); Dashkovsky 2, Stroitel', Soglasie, Start (Belarus); Rushnichok (Ukraine).

Field experiments were carried out on sod-podzolic medium-loamy soils typical for Middle Urals in order to estimate the fodder and seed production of red clover varieties depending on abiotic conditions and herbage age. Meteorological conditions in the years of research (2011-2015) were different and had a significant impact on the clover productivity. The average varietal yield of dry aboveground mass of red clover of the first year of use in a sum of two mowings was 7.2-7.4 t / ha; in the second year of use dry matter yield was at level of 6.3-6.7 t / ha. Relatively hot and humid growing season of 2012 contributed to the formation of high forage productivity of clover herbage in 1st (8.2 t / ha) and 2nd year of use (10.4-10.6 t / ha). The average varietal yield of clover seeds in 1st year of use ranged from 40-55 kg / ha in a cool and wet growing season up to 259-282 kg / ha at a relatively hot and dry weather. The long-term average varietal yield (average yield in the experiment) of clover varieties of double-cut type was 157 kg / ha, single-cut type - 147 kg / ha. In the 2nd year of herbage use, the seed productivity of red clover decreased up to 39 and 38 kg / ha, respectively. On average for the research, the high fodder productivity was formed by varieties Dymkovskyi, Pamyaty Burlaki, and Onyx. Green mass of clover had high nutritional value and corresponded to zootechnical standards. The seed productivity of studied varieties of clover was on the level of standard varieties.

For the conditions of the Republic of Mordovia adaptive technology of cultivation of sweet sorghum is developed which is based on resource-saving techniques to ensure the creation of high-productive agro-cenoses. The best preceding crop for sorghum are wetch-oat mixture and peas. After harvesting they should be plowed to a 20-22 cm depth with a preliminary shallow plowing. This method provides the lowest water consumption (7.6-8.3 mm) to create a 1 ton of green mass and increases sweet sorghum yield by 18-28 % in comparison with surface processing and disking. The best term of sowing for green mass is the end of the third decade of May (soil temperature 15-16 °C at a depth of seeding). At the same time, the maximum seed yield (3.25 t/ha) is achieved at an early stage of sowing and warming of seed layer up to 12 °C. Sweet sorghum is advisable to sow at seed rate of 0.6-0.8 million viable seeds per 1 ha, while there is an optimal ratio between the height (171-176.3 cm) and plant productivity (36.4-40.2 t/ha ). The best conditions for plant growth and development are at sowing seeds with 45 and 15 cm distance between rows. The main criterion for evaluating the seed depth is field germination; the optimal value of it (78.0%) is observed during the germination of seeds from 45 cm depth. Harvesting of sorghum should be started during the shooting and flowering stages that increases the exchange energy content of the fodder up to 9.82-10.42 MDJ/kg of dry matter in comparison with other phases of development.

Long-term use of moldboardless tillage has reduced the yield of winter rye by 0.66 t/ha compared with moldboard tillage (2.77 t/ha) in a field experiment (the beginning of the second rotation). In the lower part of the arable layer (10-20 cm) nitrification capacity decreased by 0.76 mg / kg, exchangeable potassium content - by 44 mg/kg, soil moisture - by 3.2%, bulk density increased up to 1.29 g/cm³, the density of productive stalks decreased by 22.1%, weed infestation increased by 2.3 times. The combined system (plowing in the fallow after four years of moldboardless treatment) at fertility indicators equal to moldboard system has reduced grain yield by 0.27 t/ha due to the thinness of productive stalks by 10% and increase the air-dry mass of weed component in the biocenosis by 12%. Entering of manure into fallow and a clover green-manure fallow have provided the greatest yield of winter rye - 2.59 and 2.61 t/ha for the whole experiment at the expense of increasing of the soil nitrification capacity by 36 and 83%, larger content of exchangeable potassium by 52 and 29%, increase plant density by 35 and 11 pcs./m². In the control without fertilizers productivity was 2.42 t/ha. At manure plowing the yield of winter rye grain was 3.17-2.69 t/ha; at surface sealing of manure, its effectiveness has decreased by 33-57% (2.02 t/ha) due to highest weed infestation - 215.8 g/m². Reduce of rye yields after mustard green manure fallow up to 2.22 t/ha was due to the thinness of productive stalks. In the sum of indicators, the cultivation of winter rye is most effective after clover green manure fallow on background of moldboard tillage and spring fertilizing with ammonium nitrate. Thus the yield was 2.98 t/ha, the energy efficiency ratio = 2.53.

The results of the study on the effects of crop rotation with different kinds of fallows on spring wheat yield on dark brown soils in forest-steppes of Republic of Tuva are presented. It was found that after rotation the humus content increased in crop rotation with green manure fallows (melilot, peas) by 0.6-0.13%; decreased - in grain-fallow control by 0.46% (abs.). Soil supply with labile P₂O₅ was average in 2006 whereas in 2014 it was extremely low in control crop rotation and grain crop rotation and average in other types of rotation. Supply with exchange K2O increased (from average in 2006 to high in 2014) in grain-fallow and green-manure with manure (30 t/ha) crop rotation. At the precursor "pure fallow" the density of composition in the soil layers 0-10 and 10-20 cm under wheat increased insignificantly by 1.5-3.7 %, in other variants - decreased by 3-8%. The greatest decrease in the soil density (7-8%) was observed in the 0-10 cm layer after green-manure crops. After them the yield of wheat Kantegirskaya 89 was higher by 0.24-0.28 t/ha, Chagytay - 0.10-0,05 t/ha in comparison with pure unfertilized fallow. In rotation with occupied fallow grain exit of Kantegirskaya 89 decreased in comparison with pure fallow by 0.45 t/ha; with green manure fallow - by 0.69-0.73 t/ha; of variety Chagytay respectively by 0.14 and 0.19-0.25 t /ha

Researches on studying of efficiency of organic (40 and 80 t/ha of TNK) and mineral fertilizers (7₃ NPK, NPK and 1 NPK), and their combining use on a humic state, group and fractional structure, and balance of a humus of the sod-podsolic middle-cultivated sandy loam soil were conducted in field stationary experiment in a fodder crop rotation. As a result of the carried out researches it is established that the greatest positive balance of humus is received at use of organic fertilizers (0.41-1.80 t/ha on average per year), and also their joint use with mineral fertilizers (0.50.0.63; 1.96.2.10 t/ha); the greatest values are received at application of high dose of TNK and NPK (1.96-2.10 t/ha). Studying of group and fractional structure of a humus has shown that organic and mineral fertilizers, especially at their joint use promoted increase of content of the most valuable fraction of humic acids (GK-2) from 2.3 to 5.2% and to decrease in the most aggressive fraction of fulvic acids (FC-1a) from 3.5 to 2.7%. In general, fertilizers, especially in high doses, promoted increase of humus quality (from gumate-fulvatic type it has passed into fulvatic-gumate type). Ratio Cga: Cfa has made 1.30-1.33; in variants with mineral fertilizers and joint input of organic and mineral fertilizers (TNK in dose 40 t/ha + NPK) - 1.22-1.27; in variant without fertilizers - 0.98.

On the example of Kirov region belonging to the Central zone of the North-Eastern region of European part of Russia the approaches to design, implementation and improvement of the adaptive-landscape systems of agriculture are considered. Analysis of results of exploration of farming systems developed for the farms of the region in 1999-2004 showed significant gains of agricultural producers in the field of biologization and resource saving. Yield increase of grain crops was registered including one in conditions of extremely dry 2010 (29-60% higher than the average regional indicators). However, the actual economic effect for total sown area of grain crops in some cases amounted to only 15% of the plan due to use of extensive methods of crop production and inadequate adaptation of farming systems to environmental conditions in some farms. Improving of adaptive-landscape farming systems is proposed taking into account regional climate change in the mode of adaptive intensification of agricultural production. Among the priorities there are using the results of agro-ecological macro-, meso - and microzonation; cultivation of adaptive environmentally specialized varieties, and the formation of multi-species agro-phytocenoses; application of a combined system of tillage and integrated system of fertilizer; improve stability and productivity of agricultural landscapes. The modern stage of designing adaptive-landscape systems of crop farming with use of space and information technologies depends on development of interdisciplinary integration of organizations-project participants at conducting research, design and survey, land management and evaluating works. System of measures for state (regional) support for the development of innovation in agriculture requires improvements.

The paper presents materials on the effect of probiotic bactocellolaktin (BCL) for the prevention of respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases in calves and weaned piglets. The experiments were conducted on two-month-old weaned piglets of Large White pigs and one-month- age calves of black-motley breed. The calves were distributed into 2 groups: control (20 goals) and test (40 goals). In the experimental group, BCL was administered orally at a dose 10.0 ml individually via syringe 1 times a day for a month. In the control, calves received a traditional diet without additives. Piglets were selected based on analogue: 100 goals both in test and control groups. In the test group, BCL inputted in the diet of pigs in the group by a dose of 5.0 ml per animal, 1 time a day for a month. The control pigs received a traditional diet without additives. Blood was investigated before and after the experiments: the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes and hemoglobin was estimated. After that, the animals were followed for an additional 30 days. Experiments carried out under industrial conditions in calves and weaned piglets had ahown that probiotic preparation BCL used at the recommended doses (10.0 ml for calves and 5.0 ml for piglets) in accordance with the proven scheme reduces the incidence of young cattle and pigs by 10-14%; and the effectiveness of prevention against respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases is within the range 90-98%. Thus maintaining in the test groups reaches 100%, whereas 90% - in control. The tested blood parameters were within normal limits.

In connection with the intensification of dairy farming, increasing the productivity of livestock, construction of industrial complexes productive longevity of cows has been reduced. According to research data, sires have highest influence on productive longevity of cows. The purposes of research - to study the longevity and lifetime productivity performance of cows of black-motley breed depending on the linear supplies and breediness of Holstein bulls and productive longevity of their female ancestors. Research are conducted by analyzing of data of retired breeding cows of black-motley breed and crossbred cows, obtained by crossing black-and-white Holstein breed in a "Semenov" breeding farm, Republic of Mari El. The data indicate significant influence of genotype and line affiliation of father's bull on productive longevity and lifetime yield of daughters. The descendants of black-motley breed bulls lactate 6.09 lactations and its yield was 33 437 kg of milk which is 2.56 lactations and 11510 kg of milk more than their peers. The best results on longevity and life milking were in daughters of bulls of line A. Adem (6.83 lactations and 43037 kg of milk). High levels of productive longevity (5.95 lactation) and lifetime productivity (36 075 kg of milk) had daughters of bulls, whose mothers are low life milk yield - up to 15000 kg of milk. In this group of animals, it is revealed the presence of a positive correlation between lifelong milk yield in bull mothers and productive longevity (0.66); and a lifetime milk yield in daughters (0.54). At the increase of productive longevity in bull's mothers, an increase of productive longevity and lifetime milk yield and daughters of these bulls was obtained.

Universal pneumatic separator of seed CP-2F is created for final cleaning and separaiting of seeds from impurities, differing by aerodynamic properties. Pneumatic separator contains the frame, diametrical fan, channel with support grid and partition wall, separation and sediment chambers, inertial jalousie-backward dust collector, input device of raw material of active type, output device for material, device of adjust the supply of material and the air flow rate, drive mechanisms of working bodies. Acceptance tests were carried out on the secondary cleaning of seeds of spring oats and red clover at filing 1.02.1.75 and 0.46.0.78 t/hour respectively. The purity of the inputing material of oats was 96.17.96.8%. The bulk of the waste it taken by squashed oat grains - 2.36.3.38% and crushed grain - 0.22.0.76%. The purity of the clover inputing material ranged from 95.94 to 96.58%. The waste consisted with seeds of timothy grass and meadow fescue 3.42.4.06%. The predominant species of weed were creeping thistle and meadow fescue. After cleaning first grade seeds of oats have purity about 97.60.98.81%, this is below requirements of the Terms of Reference (99.0%). The cleaning efficiency meet regulatory (no less 80%), with performance up to 1.20 t/h. Low purity of oats seeds caused by presence of squashed grain and crushed grain in inputing material. Clover seeds of first grade at all modes correspond purity categories of elite seeds with cleaning efficiency 85.8.96.4%. Seed losses in waste at cleaning of both crops do not exceed the allowance. Seed crushing is not found. According to the results of acceptance tests separator of seed CP-2F is recommended for use in agriculture.

The most important area of the common agricultural policy of the European Union (EU) is the sustainable development of rural territories. The priority of this issue for EU countries due to the emergence of a number of factors (migration of rural population, low incomes in rural areas, the deterioration of the quality of soils and waters, loss of biodiversity, etc.) that negatively affect the development of rural areas. The article describes the experience of the EU to implement the policy of supporting rural development, as well as changing goals and priorities of this policy within the different programme periods. In 2007-2013, around 50% of the funds supplied by the European agricultural Fund for rural development were aimed at the implementation of agri-ecological measures. Moreover, the largest part in the distribution of funds for the development of rural areas in the programme period 2014-2020 are to France (11.5%), Italy (10.5%), Germany (9.5%), Poland (8.8%), Spain (8.4%), Romania (8.2%). It is emphasized that the policy of development of rural territories in the EU for a long period was aimed at providing sufficient quantities of available food and appropriate living standards of farmers, the development and modernization of rural areas and creation of conditions for agriculture in all regions of the EU. Today the most important priorities of rural development policy in the EU are the protection of the environment and the conservation of biodiversity, combating climate change and increase rural employment. EU experience should be considered the government of the Russian Federation in the development and implementation of policies for sustainable development of rural areas.