The article provides the results of the analysis of designs and the process of work of air screen grain cleaners by leading Russian companies OAO “Zernoochistka”, OAO “Melinvest”, OAO “Voronezhselmash”, “Romax” plant, OOO “Oskolselmash “, FSUE North-East, “Tekhnograd” enterprise (Perm Krai), FSAC VIM, FARC North-East; and foreign companies “Petkus”, “Happle”, “Buhler”(Germany), “Denis”(France), “Westrup”, “Qmbria” (Denmark), “Buhler Scmidt-Seeger” (Switzerland). The main directions of improving grain cleaners are increased productivity up to 200 - 250 t / h and more, improved quality of grain cleaning, extended functional capabilities, reduced energy and metal consumption. Increased productivity is achieved by enlarged width of the working part and of the area of grading and seed sieves, by raising the fan performance and applying cleaning with division into fractions by fly speed and particle size. Improving the quality of grain cleaning is provided by improving the process and working bodies, application of cross-flow fans and feed devices of the active type, use of pneumatic separating channels of preliminary and main cleaning. Expansion of functionality is provided by the creation of grain cleaning machines for operation in the pre-and primary treatment modes of cleaning, primary and secondary treatment modes, universal grain cleaning machines for preliminary, primary and secondary cleaning. Gravity air screen cleaners, grain cleaners with closed and closed-open air systems with integral cross-flow fans and inertial dust collectors have low energy and metal consumption. The results of the study can be useful for researchers and designers in the development of new grain cleaning machines.

Oat grain is used both for forage and food aims. Therefore, it is so important to grow naked oat that is more processable due to the lack of husk. Ten varieties of naked oat are included into the State Register of the breeding achievements of Russian Federation, but only three of them are suitable for growing in the European part of the country. That is why the aim of the study is creation of productive variety of naked oat having high grain qualities which would be suitable for growing in different agro-climatic zones of European Russia. Studies were conducted according to the methods of state varietal testing in three ecological sites: Federal Agricultural Scientific Center of North-East (Kirov, 2000 - 2017), Falenki breeding station - Branch of FARC North-East (v. Falenki, Kirov region, 2012 - 2017), and Samara Agricultural Research Institute ( Bezenchuk, Samara region, 2015 - 2017). Naked oat variety Baget was created by method of individual selection from cross population ОА 503/1 (Canada) * Tumensky golozerny (Russia) with following control of trait in further generations. The variety is intended for production of food grain (children, diet, functional, and gluten-free nutrition) as well as for grain forage. In 2017 there were the most favorable growing conditions for the vegetation of Baget variety and comparison varieties Vyatsky and Bekas within 2015 - 2017 studies. Index of environment conditions (lj) in 2017 varied from 0.734 in Samara and 0.7507 in Falenki breeding station up to 1.8274 in FARC North-East. Average productivity of the new variety for years of study in ecological sites was 4.07 t/ha that is 0.45 t/ha higher than for standard Vyatsky and 0.36 t/ha higher than for oat variety Bekas. Analogous data were received in studies of 2012-2017 for ecological sites of Kirov region. Exceed of standard on productivity (3.86 t/ha) was 0.48 t/ha, that of variety Bekas - 0.33 t/ha.

To solve the problem of vegetable protein deficiency in the agricultural production of the Nizhny Novgorod region, the most promising was and is the cultivation of legumes including peas. The great role belongs to varieties of peas which combine high potential productivity and quality with resistance to adverse environmental factors. In the FSBSI Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Agriculture in 2014-2016 135 collectible varieties of peas of domestic and foreign selection were studied. The study was carried out in the area of “risk agriculture” characterized by sudden drops in the weather during the vegetation period. The analysis of productivity, quality and size of pea seeds of different morphotypes was carried out. Differences in the yield of leaf and leafless pea types were marked: more grain yield, 516- 626g/m², was obtained from leaf varieties Solame ( Denmark) and Aist (Russia). At the same time, regardless of the direction of cultivation, varieties with crumbling seeds (Albumen, Kaban, Luchezarny, Aist, Verkholuzskaya (Russia), Solame (Denmark) were more productive - 444-626g/m², than the ones resistant to crumbling - 360-418 g/m² (Orlovchanin, Chishminsky 95, Progress, Nikolka, Krasivy, Chibis (Russia), Aina (Latvia)). The assessment of pea resistance to lodging is given. The correlation dependence of the studied features with the yield of seeds is established. The productivity of grain of plants was more affected by the weight of 1000 grains and vegetation period. The sources with high protein content in pea seeds (27.3-29.6%) are identified. These are Albumen, Flamingo, Aist, Ukaz, Verkholuzskaya (Russia), Vitra (Latvia), Fioletova (Poland).

Timely and qualitative harvesting is an important stage of red clover seed growing. The choice of harvesting method is determined by the crop, the state of seed grass and weather conditions during the harvesting period. Field experiments were carried out in 2013-2016 on sod-podzolic medium-loamy soil of the Udmurt Republic. The seed productivity of tetraploid red clover Kudesnik in dependence on the period and method of harvesting was studied: a single-phase harvesting with the browning of 75-80% of the heads; a single-phase harvesting with the browning of 90-95% of the heads (control); desiccation during the browning of 75-80% of the heads, single-phase harvesting; two- phase harvesting with the browning of 75-80% of the heads (control); two-phase harvesting with the browning of 9095% of the heads. In conditions of cool and wet growing seasons of 2014 and 2015 the highest seed yield of tetraploid red clover Kudesnik (140.0 and 209.0 kg / ha) was obtained during the single-phase harvesting with pre-desiccation of crops in the phase of 75-80% of brownish heads. In a relatively warm and dry conditions of 2016 seed productivity of tetraploid red clover more depended on the method of harvesting than on its date. On the average over the three years the highest yields of clover seeds (152.1 kg/ha) have been provided by carrying out of a single-phase harvesting with pre-desiccation of crops in the phase of 75-80% of brownish heads at formation of grass stand with the following parameters: the number of heads - 1087 pcs. /m², seed weight per head - 0.023 g, mass of 1000 seeds - of 2.66 g. The productivity of head had the greatest influence on the formation of seed yield of clover Kudesnik. During the years of investigation only 6-9 pieces of seeds were formed in the head. Laboratory germination of the resulting seeds of red clover was at the level of 90-94%. Seed yield of red clover Kudesnik had the average correlation with the number of seeds in the head r = 0.40), as well as with seeds weight per head (r = 0.48). The energy efficiency ratio at carrying out of a single-phase harvesting with pre-desiccation of crops in the phase of 75-80% of brownish heads was 3.36, profitability level was 234%.

The research was conducted in 2016-2017 on the basis of a meristem laboratory. Object of the research is the micro-shoots of garden strawberry the Festival variety and remontant strawberry the Brighton variety at the stages of micropropagation and rooting. The following nutrient media were studied: Murashige and Skoog (control), Murashige and Skoog modified (microelements were replaced with a corresponding dose of microfertilizer “Siliplant”) and Boxyu; LED irradiators - with a ratio in the spectrum of red, blue and white light R2: B1:W1 and R1: B1: W1, respectively, and a programmable one with a changing spectrum. A luminescent lamp with white light served as the control. The highest rate of reproduction in the cultivation of garden strawberry in vitro was obtained using the Murashige and Skoog culture medium under a LED irradiator with a R1: B1: W1 combination of red, blue and white light and the irradiator with a changing spectral composition: 6.0 and 6.2 pieces/microcutting, respectively. The highest reproduction factor of remontant strawberry was provided by cultivation on the Murashige and Skoog nutrient medium using the LED light irradiator in ratio of red, blue and white as R1:B1:W1 and the irradiator with a changing spectral composition: 3.5 and 3.2 pieces / microcutting, respectively. A rooting of micro-shoots of garden strawberry on the modified Murashige and Skoog nutrient medium and Boxyu provided a significant increase in rooting ability to 100% and 97.5%, respectively. Cultivation on the Boxyu nutrient medium has increased the rooting ability of micro-shoots of remontant strawberry to 95.0%. All the LED irradiators provided a significant increase in the rooting ability of micro-shoots: for garden strawberries - up to 96.6-100%, for remontant - up to 83.3-90.0%.

One of the perspective directions of intensification in the field of fodder production and productive use of the area of fodder grounds is cultivation of the mixed grass-legume agrophytocenoses, allowing to avoid intraspecific competition, to increase an output of production and to improve its quality. The article covers information on the study results of the levels of mineral nutrition, seeding rates and vegetation stages effect on the crop yields, harvest of dry matter and crude protein of grass-legume mixture. The research was conducted in Nizhny Novgorod region in 2015-2017 during the field experiment. The objects of study were winter vetch variety Lugovskaya 2, winter triticale variety Cornet and winter wheat variety Moskovskaya 39. The soil of experimental area was light-grey forest medium loamy with low humus content, very high content of mobile forms of phosphorus and high amounts of mobile forms of potassium. It was established that the yield of green mass of crops and harvest of dry matter depends on vegetation stages and the dose of nitrogen fertilizers. The maximum values of indicators were recorded at the milk-wax ripeness stage for triticale and wheat, and at the semination stage for vetch. The highest productivity (34.8 t/ha), especially on the background of N60P60K60, was obtained from three-component grass-legume mixture (with seeding rate of triticale, wheat and vetch 2.0 million/ha). The harvest of crude protein depends on the ratio of grass and legume components in the mixture, especially at the initial vegetation stages on the nitrogen background. The most nutrient was mixture of triticale, wheat and vetch (10^th option) on the background of N60P60K60 when harvesting at the stage of milk-wax ripeness/semination (1246.2 kg/ha).

The article focuses on the assessment of morphological and biochemical parameters of blood in dynamics for 50 days of lactation against the background of the use in the diet of a complex of biologically active substances (BAS) with antioxidant properties, including the following components: feed sulfur, magnesium, copper, manganese, zinc, selenium, vitamins А, E, H, C and succinic acid. The experiment was carried out in two age groups of early post-partum cows: 2-4 lactations, 5 and more lactations. The influence of the studied complex on the character of involution processes in the genitals of early post-partum cows and the subsequent normalization of the reproductive function was analyzed. It is noted that the inclusion of the complex of biologically active substances into the diet of the experimental groups would reduce the number of white blood cells during the study period from 7.11 to 5.61*10⁹/l (21%) in the first experimental group and from 6.60 to 6.33*10⁹/l (4%) in the second experimental group, and lower aspartate aminotransferase activity from 115.00 to 72.50 U/l (36%) and from 79.33 to 60.33 U/l (24%) in the first and second experimental groups respectively, which further had a positive impact on reproductive performance. The duration of the period from calving to the first insemination was 3.7 and 6.7 days shorter in comparison with the control in the first and second experimental groups, respectively. The best result on fertilization of animals was achieved in the experimental group of 2-4 lactation cows, where the reduction of the service period and the interval between calving was 41 and 44.7 days, respectively.

The study was carried out in the Nizhny Novgorod region on light-gray forest soil in the period from 2011 to 2014. Factor А - fallows: bare fallows (unmanured, manure - 40 t/ha); green fallows (lupine, clover, rape), seeded fallows (clover, vetch oats, rape) with aftermath for green manure. Factor B - mineral fertilizers: phosphorus-potassium (Р90К90), nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (N60Р90К90). During the research it has been established, that the highest biomass by natural moisture was obtained in green fallow of perennial lupine on the background of P90K90 and on the background of N60P90K90 - 43.42 and 46.05 t/ha respectively. Plowing it into the soil had a positive effect on the soil density. In the soil under winter wheat (renewal of vegetation) density value in the 0-10 cm layer was 1.27 g/cm³, which is 0.13 g/cm³ lower than for bare fallow. The decompressing effect of green clover fallow was preserved after wheat harvesting. The determination of soil density in oat plantings (the second crop after fallows) indicated a positive influence of the plowing organic mass of all studied fallow crops and the creation of optimal density for growth and development of oat (1.1-1.3 g/cm³). The green manure mass of meadow clover had the most significant decompressing aftereffect. The yield recording showed that the greatest amount of winter wheat grains was obtained from sowing it on green lupine fallow (on the P90K90 background - 3.05 t/ha, on the N60P90K90 background - 4.66 t/ha); and oat grains from manure aftereffect - 40 t/ha (3.80 and 4.50 t/ha respectively, depending on the background). The correlation analysis showed that the yield productivity of plants in crop rotation more depended on the amount of the plowed organic mass of fallow crops, than on the soil density. The density of soil, in turn, depended on the amount of organic matter, entering the soil with the fallow crops.

The data of 2016-2017 studies on effectiveness of different oat cultivation technologies including ways of basic and pre-sowing soil tilling and using of bio-preparations on sod-podzolic soils of Kirov region are provided. Ploughing and surface soil tillage, cultivation and tilling with combined soil-tillage sowing machine, as well as preparation on the basis of S. hygroscopicus A4 strain and Pseudobacterin-2 were studied in the experiment. Storage of productive moisture in soil layer of 0-20 cm was 25.2-29.5 mm before sowing; there were no differences in the ways of soil tilling. The density of 0-20 cm soil layer was 0.05-0.06 g/cm³ higher in variants with surface tillage. Application of combined aggregate APPN-2.1 provided “excellent” structure state of arable layer, the content of agronomical valuable particles was 82.284.4% at the soil structure coefficient equal to 4.7-5.5. Sowing dockage was significantly lower in variants of plowing (41.3 psc./m², LSD₀₅=2.8) than in surface tillage (44.5 psc./m²). In variants with use of Pseudobacterin-2 preparation the sowing dockage increased too up to 50.1 psc. /m² (LSD₀₅ = 7.2) as compared to the variants without preparations (38.1 psc./m²) and with the use of preparation on the base of S. hygroscopicus A4 strain (40.5 psc./m²). Up to 31.6% of oat plants were affected with root rot in variants without preparations; by application of preparations on the base of S. hygroscopicus strain A4 the affection decreased to 11.3%; by application of Pseudobacterin-2 preparation - to 10.5% (LSD₀₅ = 3.9). The affection of oat plants with leaf rust was insignificant; the preparations significantly decreased this factor from 8.6 to 3.1-3.9% (LSD₀₅ = 1.7). On the average, for two years of study the highest productivity was noted in the variant of ploughing with using the combined sowing unit APPN-2.1 by application of preparation on the base of S. hygroscopicus strain A4 (1 l/ha) - 3.92 t/ha that is 1.01 t/ha higher then control variant, ploughing with KPS-4 pre-sowing tilling without preparations. The level of total profitability of oat grain production was 136.1%, the factor of energy effectiveness was 3.05 (in control variant - 84.4% and 2.34 correspondingly).

Legumes in the structure of fodder crop rotations can cause reducing the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer application on sod-podzolic soil. A comparative assessment of the productivity of six-field fodder crop rotations with different field number of legume-cereal grasses was carried out on the background of mineral nitrogen application (Р60К60, Ж0Р60К60). The research was carried out in 2013-2017 in crop rotations with 16%, 33% and 50 % legume-cereal grasses saturation in the Mari El Republic. It was noted that one-year extension of period for using perennial legume-cereal grasses in the fodder crop rotations under study was followed by increase in dry matter collection by 1.1-2.1 t/ha, exchange energy - by 6.7-16.5 GJ/ha, and crude protein - by about 2.3-3.7 C/ha. Continuous application of mineral nitrogen led to increasing the productivity of fodder crop rotations with legume-cereal grasses by 9-21%. In crop rotations, target annual and winter crops ensured a significant increase in productivity, with the exception of annual grasses with perennial grasses undersowing in 2013. The greatest increase in productivity was noted in the first crop rotation, where a long-term agrocenosis had been used for 1 year only. The ammonium nitrate application resulted in increase in crude protein collection more than in other productivity indicators of fodder crop rotations target crops.

The data about the soil cover of mountain Dagestan are scattered. A comprehensive assessment of the biological diversity of mountain soils by such indicators as the degree of humus content, the number and structure of the microbocenosis has not been carried out yet. This article provides the results of the analysis of the quantitative assessment of microbocenosis in mountain soils (Mollic Leptosols Eutric) of Dido-depression in the Republic of Dagestan. The investigations were carried out on the following types of soils differentiated according to altitude marks: Alpine meadow with the elements of steppe formation, Alpine brown weakly podzolized, Alpine meadow typical, Alpine brown podzolized, mountain-meadow subalpine, mountain-meadow alpine. The article describes the characteristic features of soil bacteria and fungi in their dependence on the altitude marks. A variety of soil bacteria and fungi has been identified according to their frequency and the abundance of morphological and cultural types. The minimum and maximum number of prokaryotes and micromycetes is shown and determined. This number varies depending on the site of soil samples selection. Based on the calculated frequency of occurrence there are identified dominant morphological and cultural types, subdominants, frequently occurring, rare, random. According to the Serensen coefficient, bacteriocenoses formed in soils up to a height of 1450 m are similar in their qualitative composition and structure. It has been established that with an increase in the height of the soil location, the number of prokaryotes decreases, and that of the micromycetes increases. The diversity of bacteria and fungi expands in soils which have the highest altitude. It is shown that in the soils located at an altitude of 1450m (the height of the first section), as well as at an altitude of 2350m (subalpine soil height) the bacteriocenosis similar in their quality composition are formed.

The article provides the results of studies conducted in 2017 on investigating the effect of the herbal extract of herbs (R.carthamoides, S. coronata, F. ulmaria) on the indices of the clinical condition (behavior, blood, internal organs) of non-linear white mice of both sexes with live weight 30 ± 1.0 g at the age of 3 months. The animals were divided into one control and three experimental groups of 15 mice each. The phytoextract dissolved in physiological solution was administered orally daily to the mice of the experimental groups for 7 days in doses: the first group 0.1 ml (0.65 mg of extractive substances), the second group 0.3 ml (1.95 mg) and the third group 0.5 ml (3.25 mg). In control - physiological solution in a dose of 0.5 ml. During the experiment, the general condition of the animals was observed. Before and after the experiment, the mice were weighed. When the experiment was completed, the mice were taken blood for a number of morphological and biochemical studies, including characterizing and antioxidant status. The effect of internal organs (liver, kidneys, spleen) on the mass was evaluated. The results of blood tests showed that in mice of the second experimental group, the number of erythrocytes in comparison with the control (4.2 x10¹² kl / l) increased by 45% (6.1 x 10¹²kl / l), hemoglobin - by 6% (from 112 up to 119 g / l); total protein in serum by 7% (from 61.2 to 65.5 g / l), albumin - by 4% (from 73.5 to 76.5%), SH-group of proteins - by 54% (from 2,2 to 3.4 mmol / l), а-globulins decreased by 39% (from 14.2 to 8.7%), malonic dialdehyde - by 45% (from 6.3 to 3.5 μmol / l) ( P <0.05). The body weight in the mice of the second test group increased in comparison with the initial result by 7.6%. During the whole experiment, the mice of all groups had no deviations from the physiological norm. It was established that there were no pathologies from internal organs. The mass of the studied internal organs of mice in all groups did not have significant (P> 0.05) differences and was within the regulatory limits.

On 2 territories, different in areas and levels of linear density populations of moose, the number of wild animals by the trails on the route was counted. Census data were recorded and processed by two methods: traditional - winter route census (WRC) with grouping of sample by category of land (forest, field, swamp), and the new one with grouping of segments of the route according to the level of linear density (trace / 1 km of route), separately for each stratum. Stratification and lamination of the sample within the strata on sections of the rout with different linear density function as a two-fold lamination of the sample route by the tracks. The processing of data using the new methodology was performed on a special PC that calculates, among other things, evaluation of the number according to the layers, strata, territories in total and the value of the standard error (SE) of the number estimate N. On site No. 1 the linear density of moose population was 0.774 trace/ 1 km of the route, the original standard of route length was 1.82 km/1 thousand ha, SE (WrC) - 17.2%; SE (new method) - 6.0 %, the rate of decline SE =2.87 times. When the reduction ratio in the minimum density stratum equals 75%, total ratio 1.22 km, SE = 8.4%. When cut across all strata of 50% (total ratio 0.92 km) the result is negative (SE = 11.3%). The optimal total ratio is 1.0 km/ 1 thousand hectares, while the norm in the minimum density strata is 0.6 km / 1 thousand ha. Expected value of SE = 8.5 - 9.9 %. On site No. 2 the linear density of moose population is 2.03 trace /1 km of the route, the original standard of path length is 1.09 km/1 thousand ha, SE (WRC) = 11.2%; SE (new method) = 4.4%, and the rate of decline SE=2.55 times. When the ratio in the minimum density stratum reduced by 75%, reduced ratio was 0.94 km, SE = 7.0%. When cut across all strata of 50% - total ratio = 0,56 km, SE = 9.5%. Optimal planning standard in the sample is 0.6 km / 1 thousand hectares, while the norm in the strata with a minimum density is 0.3 km / thousand ha. Expected value SE < 9.5 % N. Percentage of reduction of the route length standard in both areas is the same and equals to 45%.

The article provides the results of research on the development of non-wood manure and plant biomass processing technology for the production of biogas and environmentally friendly fertilizer (fermented humus) in the conditions of an agricultural enterprise in Poland. The slurry from the manure channel enters the preliminary storage unit of the substrate, where it is mixed and then transported to the fermentation chamber. Fermentation chamber is filled once a day with daily output of manure. Vegetable biomass is fed to the fermentation chamber in two portions, which provides three-fold mixing of the contents during the day with a hydraulic unit. The substrate subjected to methane fermentation is periodically stirred with a spatula mixer, which allows to accelerate the biogas process. The sulfur removal process is based on the passage of gas through charcoal, placed on the shelves of the cleaner. Gas meter allows you to control its production. Gas from the collector is sent to the water boiler, the work of which is automated. Warm water for heating the fermentation mass comes from the boiler through pipes into the fermentation chamber. Its task is to increase the temperature of compost up to 36°C and maintaining it during the fermentation process. Stability of humus temperature in the chamber is provided by the temperature controller (thermostat). Fermented compost undergoes further processing, which consists in mixing it with chopped straw, peat and other plant wastes. The mass is sent to an open humus chamber, where it is kept for about 3 months and is supplemented with fresh humus throughout the period. Biogas unit allows to recycle wastes in the areas of production and processing of agricultural products, to improve the environmental situation, to obtain biogas and environmentally friendly fermented humus with various plant additives, which belong to the group of very active biological fertilizers that stimulate the growth and development of cultivated plants.

Within the open innovation model four applied types of innovation management models can be used in the rye complex of Russia. First, it is creating networking for interaction between industrial and agricultural enterprises. The main types of such networks include technological platforms, innovative networks of universities and scientific institutions as well as interaction models based on crowdsourcing. Secondly, these are models for creating and developing innovation infrastructure. They include innovation funds (Russian Venture Company and second level innovation funds, innovation support programs etc.), technology parks and business incubators, technology transfer centers, etc. Universities and scientific institutions should be the key agents in the modern innovation system. Thirdly, these are small innovative enterprises (SIE) models (with the participation of universities and research institutes). There are four ways to create SIEs. They depend on the type of business, the business owners and their competencies. Fourthly, these are models of strategic partnerships (alliances) between science and business. Formation and stimulation of economic clusters can also be viewed as a complex model of innovation management. Studies of the rye complex in Russian industries have shown that a prominent concentration of the rye grain production and processing industries has been formed on the territory of the Volga Federal District. Three technological chains - food, fodder and technical -form the basis of the rye complex. The technological chains contain a significant number of elements associated with current scientific research. This creates a basis for innovative development and application of the cluster approach.