Oats is a crop of universal use. Grain of oats is an excellent raw material for milling industry. Of particular interest in this respect are naked oats varieties. Determination of grain size and its geometric characteristics is necessary in grain assessing for flour production. Estimation of naked oats varieties of different ecological and geographical origin on the basic geometric parameters (linear dimensions, shape, volume, external surface area) was conducted under conditions of the Tyumen region. Study of kernel had showed that geometric parameters were depended on growing conditions and the varietal characteristics. The most variable parameter is width of the kernel (V = 17.8-25.0%), the thickness was changed in less degree (V = 9.7%-16.06%), grain length was characterized by relative stability (V = 7.4-15.70%). The limits of variation within samples were: length of kernel - 4.22-10.30 mm, width - 1.00-3.17 mm thickness - 1.00-2.88 mm. The volume of grain depending on the variety ranged from 2.08 (k-7776) to 51.41 mm³ (k-15162). The area of the outer surface changed from 9.90 (k-7776) to 138.10 mm² (k-10262), the ratio of grain volume to external surface area ranged from 0.10 (k-15193) to 0.47 mm (k-14638), the sphericity of the grains in naked oats varieties was within 0.25 - 0.80. A distribution of varieties on the form of kernel was conducted in accordance with the definition of the classification of the sphericity index for each group: acicular (Ψ = 0.32-0.53), oval (Ψ = 0.40-0.64), pyriform (Ψ = 0.49-0.55). A positive correlation of the grain volume with the content of endosperm (r = 0.55-0.88) and a 1000 grains mass (r = 0.21-0.46). Perspective sources are selected which form large grain with high endosperm content. These sources can be recommended for use in breeding for food purposes.

The article presents the results of breeding work (1999-2015) on creation of new tetraploid variety Flamingo of hybrid clover (Thrifolium hybridum L.). The variety Flamingo (breeding population SGPG-19) was creatied in North-East Agricultural Research Institute (Kirov) and Falenki Plant-Breeding Station (Kirov region) by polycross of eight best parental forms of various eco-geographical origin selected by OCS: variety Luzhanin (North-West Agricultural Research Institute "Belogorka"), selective number R-100 (V.K. Williams All-Russian Fodder Research Institute), perspective populations SGPG-9 (selection from variety Kurtsevskiy, Archangelsk region), SGPG-11 (variety Frida, Sweden), SGPG-12 (variety Pervenets from Moscow region), SGPG-13 (Priekulskiy tetra, Lithuania), SGPG-14, SGPG-15 (North-East Agricultural Research Institute), followed by recurrent biotipical selection. As a result of perennial (2007-2015) studying in competitive variety testing of North-East Agricultural Research Institute the new variety has the advantage on standard Fregat by basic economic-valuable traits. It is early-maturing (period from spring growth till first cutting is 54-62 days; till seeds ripening - 108-123 days); has high winter hardiness (75-90%), forage productivity of 8.75 t/ha of dry matter (+6.3% to standard), protein yield of 1.04 t/ha (+9.5% to standard), seed yield of 1.17 c/ha, root rot resistance (degree of defeat 0.1-1.8 points on a five-point scale). According to date of ecological varietal testing (2013) under agro-climatic conditions of Falenki Plant-Breeding Station differ from Kirov by poor soil fertility and contrasting weather conditions in the growing season the variety Flamingo significantly surpassed standard Fregat on protein yield (0.61 t/ha) by 8.9% at protein content in dry matter of 16.75% (+2.12% to standard). In 2015 the new variety of hybrid clover Flamingo transferred to the State variety testing as recommended for hay, pasture use, as well as for creation of melliferous fields in all areas of cultivation of the crop in the Russian Federation.

Characteristics of mid-early potato variety Virazh (Gloriya x 282-97) which combines high productivity (up to 39.6 t/ha) with resistance to viruses, common pathotype of cancer, golden potato nematode, common scab is presented in the article. It has a middle degree of resistance to late blight. A variety is of table appointment. A peel of tubers is white colour, pulp is light yellow, not darkening in a crude kind and at cooking, flowers it is red the violet. A bush is sprawling leafy type with large leaves; flowers are red-violet. Tubers of a new potato variety are suitable for processing on potato products: they have the oval form and superficial eyelets. The dry matter content is 20.2…27.9 %, protein - up to 2.4%, the average content of starch 12.4…16.2%. Taste qualities are 3.4…4.3 points; pulp of cooked tuber is light yellow fluffy. By results of competitive testing on experimental fields of Falenki Plant-Breeding Station in Kirovskoy area the variety Virazh exceeded the standard Nevsky on yield by 4.5 t/ha on average, variety Golubka by 2.1 t/ha. Under test digging at 60-th day after planing productivity of the new variety (10.6 t/ha) was higher then of the standard Nevsky and Golubka by 0.8 and 1.1 t/ha. The high yield is provided with the number tubers in the bush. A variety forms from 9 till 13 tubers per bush with average weight of the tuber 78…109 g. In 2015 variety Virazh is passed to the State variety trial.

Species and varieties of perennial grasses of Russian’s breeding was studied in the experimental field of Vyatka state agricultural academy in 2013…2015. Varieties of red fescue (Sigma), meadow grass (Vagant, Dar, Kover), perennial ryegrass (VIK 66, Karat, number No. 324), meadow fescue (Kvarta), cock's foot (Khlynovskaya), and timothy grass (VIK 85) were used for experiment. Seeding rates were studied of red fescue, meadow grass and perennial ryegrass in one-component crops and two-component grass mixtures of red fescue (Sigma) and meadow grass (Dar) with complementary species. The research objective is choice of effective species and varieties of perennial grasses for making stable high-quality lawns and update of seeding rates in the condition of North-Eastern region of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia. As a result of research it was established that ryegrass in one-component crops forms lawns of good quality in the year of sowing (density of herbage 2360…3304 sprouts on square meter). However, the quality of these herbages reduced considerably in the third year because the plants of this species undergo to considerable destruction in the winter. One-component crops of red fescue and meadow grass are better suited to making stable lawns in these conditions (density of herbage in third year of life 9294…9664 and 3711…6511 sprouts on square meter respectively). The grass mixtures of short grasses with complementary species do not allow forming high-quality lawns. Quality of herbages in variants with medium and reduced seeding rates did not differ. Therefore it can be used reduced seeding rates to lowering cost for seeds. We can recommend a seeding rate of 75 kg/ha for one-component crop of red fescue, seeding rate of 20 kg/ha for one-component crop of meadow grass and seeding rate of 100 kg/ha for one-component crop of perennial ryegrass.

New products of the North-East Agricultural Research Institute are presented in article: small-pieces bakery products: "Khlynovskie", "Sel'skie", "Derevenskie" and bread "Vyatsky with buckwheat groats" which are developed from a mix of rye and wheat flour and other raw materials. Use of a medium rye flour, fermented rye malt, flakes of grain crops, oil seeds, prunes, dried apricots, raisin, buckwheat groats, and onions in receipts enriches bakery products with food fibres, mineral substances (potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron), vitamins (В_1, В_2, Р, РР) and a number of other valuable substances important for a human. Small-pieces bakery products "Khlynovskie", "Sel'skie", and "Derevenskie" contains more basic mineral substances (potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and iron) than in control samples accordingly on 17.1; 19.5; and 27.0%. Small-pieces bakery products "Sel'skie" and "Derevenskie" differ with raised content of vitamin В₁ (on 41.2…47.0% in comparison with analogue - oats bread for a breakfast), and also with the raised content of poly-non-saturated linoleic acid entering into a medical complex of Omega-6. Nutritional value of bread "Vyatsky with buckwheat groats" is defined by the content of a rye flour and a buckwheat groat which protein is most balanced on amino acid complex. Thus protein of buckwheat groats differs with higher content of lysine, valine and leucine, has good comprehensibility, that does buckwheat groats by especially valuable dietary product. The dried onions in a combination with a rye flour and buckwheat groats improve taste and aroma of bread. New bakery products differ from analogues available in manufacture with raised (on 19.3…64.0%) content of food fibres and lower (on 0.4…5.4%) energy value. Use of rye and other kinds of grain and oil raw materials in manufacture of new bakery products will allow to expand assortment of products of the raised nutritional value and will reduce a diet energy potential that is important for correct, rational, healthy type of a food of the modern person.

The results of research on the influence of predecessors and long-term application of fertilizers on productivity of winter wheat and the balance of humus in field crop rotation are presented in the article. Predecessors of winter wheat were pure and occupied (sainfoin) fallows. Mineral and organic fertilizers were entered on the pure fallow predecessor with plowing. During the growing season nitrogen fertilization was applied. Only nitrogen fertilization was used on sainfoin predecessor. Studies have shown that the application of fertilizers for winter wheat on the pure and sainfoin fallows contributed to the increase in the content of nutrients in the soil throughout the growing season and the formation of additional grain yield. Additions of productivity on the fertilized variants were 0.59-1.08 t/ha on pure fallow and (control - 4.96 t/ha); on sainfoin - 0.56-0.80 t/ha (control - 3.91 t/ha). This allows to use occupied fallow (sainfoin) in the zone of unstable humidification in addition to the pure fallow as well as instead of pure fallow obtaining the grain yield of winter wheat in the range of 3.91-4.71 t/ha. At entering of green manure fallow into the crop rotation without manure application processes of humification in the soil prevail over the processes of mineralization. The flow of organic matter in the form of green manure (sainfoin) can stabilize the humus content in the soil (humification - 8.20, mineralization - of 7.95 t/ha). Application of mineral fertilizers provides an additional flow of organic matter to the soil. On average, the crop rotation has a positive balance of humus - 1.15-1.16 t/ha.

The article presents the results of research related with the study of productivity, water consumption and feasibility of irrigation in flax at different levels of fertility and moisture regimes of drained soil. The experiment was conducted on three backgrounds of agrochemical fertility: 1) control (no fertilizer). 2. The aftereffect of multi-purpose compost (KMN). 3. KMN + NPK (NPK - from 2011 till 2013 in the calculation on the planned crop under the previous culture). Fiber flax is need in irrigation during a dry period of growth to obtain a sufficiently high yield of straw and seeds. Watering with norm of 150 m³ / ha after sowing increased the number of surviving plants till harvesting by 30-35%. Carrying of 3-4 irrigation during growth season increased the straw flax yield from 22.7 to 40.4%, the seeds yield - from 10.5 to 53.2%. In the variant KMN + NPK increments of straw and seeds yields at the expense of irrigation reached 40.4 and 53.2% respectively. Payback additional cost amounted to 2.00 rubles / rubles. In the variant with aftereffect of KMN during the fourth year after the inputting of 15 t / ha under irrigation increase in straw flax yield amounted to almost 30%, seed - 26.7%. Payback costs of obtaining of increases yield was 1.43 rubles per each ruble of costs incurred. The total water consumption of flax without irrigation was about 2000 m³ / ha, at irrigation - more than 4000 m³ / ha. At the growth of flax productivity on the more fertile backgrounds coefficient of water use (Kv) decreases by 29% (non-irrigation) and 40% (for irrigation).

The article presents results of studies on the effect of the complex FANTPLUS made on the basis of micro-organisms Lactobacillus plantarum and Rhaponticum carthamoides on clinical and biochemical status of pregnant sows and weaned piglets. The experiments were conducted in JSC "Zarech'e" (Kirov) on 60 weaned piglets of 2-months age and 60 pregnant sows of large white breed for 1 month prior to the expected farrowing. A month after the start of the experiment in the blood serum of experimental groups of pigs levels of ALT and AST decreased by 6.3…14.8% and 9.8…12.9% respectively while the level of alkaline phosphatase - by 1.4…2.8%, MDA - by 4.8…14.6%; it is also pointed out increased of ceruloplasmin by 20%. Insignificant change in the level of glucose and cholesterol levels and increase the total protein is noted. Preservation of the piglets upon termination of observations in the control was 94%, while in the test group where FANTPLUS was administered at a dose of 0.5 g / head per day - 100%. Experiment on gestating sows showed that after applying FANTPLUS at a dose of 1.0 g / head per day AST level in serum of experimental groups of pigs decreased by 16.7…38.5%, ALT - by 13.3…30.8% whereas in the control group they were above normal. There was a decrease in MDA level by 7.1% and 31.9%; and increasing SH-groups of proteins by 12.5 and 20%. In addition, pigs experimental groups showed an increase in the level of ceruloplasmin by 3.4…32.2%. As a result of FANTPLUS usage in sows whitin a month it was found that their clinical condition was within the physiological norm and the resulting offspring proved to be quite viable. The experiments revealed that the use of FANTPLUS in weaned pigs during the month at a dose of 0.5 g per head per day helps to improve their clinical and biochemical status.

Modern state of dairy cattle breeding is characterized by the growth of milk productivity of cows and increase the incidence of obstetric pathology. The heifer cows with acute endometritis in the contents of the uterus microorganisms are present in the form of monocultures (Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia сoli, Pseudomonas аeruginosa, Еnterobacter faecalis, Staphylococcus аureus, Proteus mirabilis) (75,7%) or in Association (E. сoli + Candida albus, E. coli + Penicillium) (8%). Emulsion consisting of genedicine, fish oil and TWIN 80, subjected to bubbling ozone-oxygen mixture, has antibacterial properties against hemolytic Escherichia сoli и Staphylococcus аureus. The introduction into the uterine cavity of ozonized emulsion for sick cows postpartum acute endometritis by 35.2% increases therapeutic efficacy, 0.9 times reduces the number of intra-uterine injections, kt 182.8 ml saves the amount of therapeutic agent that has a positive effect on the reproductive system, at 25.8 days reduces the period of existence of the first stage of excitation of sexual cycle after calving and with 82.2 days period from the birth to subsequent pregnancy, reduces the insemination index of cows on average to 1.3. The recovery of the cows is accompanied by a reduction in blood AST activity and ALT, increased levels of total protein and activity of the synthesis of γ - globulin. Indicators of alkaline phosphatase and dynamics of calcium and phosphorus showed the stabilization of mineral metabolism.

The purpose of research is to study milk production and technological properties of red-and-white cows which have been bred within its own genotype. Two groups of heifers with 18 animals in each were selected for the experiment. The structure of the first group consisted of the second-generation hybrids (1/4 RW + 3/4 RWH). The second group consisted of hybrids of the second generation (1/4 RW +3/4 RWH) obtained from bred within its own genotype. Crossbred animals breded within its own genotype yielded 6263 kg of milk for the first lactation which is 456 kg higher compared with the same age cows breded ordinary. Significant differences between the groups have been identified by the output of milk fat - 23.8 kg (P < 0.001) and by milk protein - 17.4 kg (P < 0.01). According to the exterior linear estimation sufficiently aligned results with low variability are marked. So animals belong to dairy body type and with good feeding and keeping can be used in selection for more efficient use of breed capacity in desirable direction, i.e. in the direction of pelvis width increasing and strong constitution. The data indicate that the cows generally have cup-shaped (54.2…66.6%) and bath-shaped (23.3…38.8%) udders. Cow's udder is firmly attached to the body, with conspicuous mammary veins, covered with a thin elastic skin. Cows practically does not have udder lobulation, udder bottom is mainly horizontal. According to the intensity of milk flow group differences amounted to 0.2 kg / min (P < 0.01) in favor of the animals breded within its own breed. Therefore, both groups of animals are characterized by good morphological and functional properties of the udder and are ideally suited to the currently applied milking technology.

For the various livestock industries it is interesting to use as feed additive drugs, elaborated on the basis of waste wood processing industry as the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly raw materials. A large number of biologically active compounds, as well as microelements and macroelements contains in the green wood of coniferous species. It was established that preparations based on these raw materials have a broad spectrum of action. The article reflects the data on the use of supplement Verva to increase the effectiveness of fattening and improve meat quality of pigs. Studies were conducted on the basis of industrial pig-breeding complex of «Zarechie» (Kirov, Kirov region) at 96 hybrid pigs breed Large White × Landrace at the age of 90 days. Animals of the experimental group on the first day of the fattening period and for 30 days in addition to the basic ration received fir extract Verva at a dose of 1 ml per head per day. It was found that the use of liquid feed supplement Verva in a given dose provides to increase the daily average gain of 23.22% in the animals, absolute growth - by 23.32%, reduced on 17 days of age for achieving a live weight of 100 kg. It also found that under the influence of additive slaughter pigs live weight increases by 12.93%, mass of steamy mascara and slaughter weight increased by 12.86% and 17.18%, respectively. At the same time there is an increase in the slaughter yield of 2.63%, and the slaughter weight of the carcass and its length is increased by 20.05% and 12.89% respectively. According to the data of the experiment it was found that the inclusion of Verva fir extract at a dose of 1 ml per head per day in pigs nutrition for the first 30 days of fattening period has a positive impact on meat quality and the effectiveness of the fattening animals.

Skulls of 53 raccoon dogs were examined. Skulls were distributed in ranks according to the degree of transformation of the chewing surfaces of molars in the upper and lower jaw. In each row skulls were selected with the most typical age-related changes of the chewing surfaces of molars. Then the age of raccoon dogs was determine by counting of annual layers in the cement on the cross sections of the upper canines. Transformation of the chewing surfaces begins from the second year of life raccoon dogs is visually noticeable. Initially the top of the mounds and ridges on the lingual side of the molars of the upper jaw begin to wear. From the fourth year of life tubercles in the center molars begin to fade. In individuals of seven-year age chewing surface of the molars is almost flat from the lingual side. On the buccal side the base paracone and metacone survived. In the lower jaw chewing surface transformation is most noticeable on the example of predatory teeth M1. The results of the laboratory determination of the age logically correlated with the variability of molars form in individuals up to the age of four years. The results of age determining in more adults were questionable because of the high individual variability of the form and the chewing surfaces of teeth. Peculiarities of development of the ridges on the lateral surface of the mandible were registered. It was noted the specificity of formation of the occipital and sagittal ridges due to the age of the chewing muscles. These results open the possibility of reliable determination of the age of juveniles which are usually prevalent in populations of raccoon dogs.

Connection speed, positioning accuracy and stability of the connection with the satellites in any natural landscapes, including forests with high crown closure were determined by the method of comparing the performance of the navigator Garmin GpsMap 62s and GPS-module of smartphone LG. The exact time of communication (7…10 meters) with navigator Garmin GpsMap 62s was 4 minutes. Working positioning accuracy of GPS-module of smartphone LG D325 characterized by the stabilization of the first five digits after the decimal point in the numeric value of the coordinate occurs within 3 minutes after switching on. The magnitude of divergence of positioning points (in pairs) only 4 times exceeded 10 meters two of which (at points 24 and 34) derived from the movement of the operator in place after time when one of the devices point has been already installed. The other 2 (point 11 - 15 m, point 22 - 16.5 m) the reasons for the discrepancies are not establish. Preferential match of center points indicates the presence of both occurring on both devices increase and decrease the error is not related to their parametric data. The study showed a high rate of incorporation and the positioning accuracy of GPS-module of multi-function mobile device that meet the requirement for the routing accounts by any means. In conjunction with the installed function for automatic fast performance recording of the data listed properties of multifunctional mobile devices make it indispensable in conducting census work.

One of directions of modernising of agricultural machinery for plant growing is combination of operations on the basis of the multipurpose assemblies, capable to be adapted for varying conditions of production of agricultural products by sweeping change of tools. Assembly APPN-2.1 is developed for realization the perspective technology of soil cultivation and sowing. Results of its trials displayed that its use allows to lower considerably power, resource and labour expenditures at higher productivity of cultivated crops, but also determined a row of deficiencies of its construction. There are limiting mass of the assembly and unstable stability of a rotational speed of distributors of seeds at aggregated with tractors of a class 14 кN. For lowering of mass of assembly APPN-2.1 it is offered to install cultivator tine with a diminished width of cut in one row, between disks of a power-driven rotor on minimum distance from the shaft of a power-driven rotor. It allowed to lower mass of the assembly on 90 kg and to diminish its length by 350 mm that considerably raised stability in pitch of the machine-tractor assembly. Installation of basic bearing ribs on a power-driven rotor of the assembly ensured fixed depth of its plunging in soil. It stabilized a rotational speed of distributors of seeds at the expense of lowering of a slippage variation of a power-driven rotor at change of driving speed or physical properties of soil. The agrotechnical assessment of works of the machine-tractor assembly as a part of tractor МТZ-82 and assembly APPN-2.1 displayed that the changes in a machine design did not entail any decline in the capacity of soil cultivation and sowing. Assembly APPN-2.1 with observance of agrotechnical demands resistantly executes a process of pre-sowing cultivation of soil and sowing, stands a working width of cut and adjusting depth of tillage.

The article addresses the concept of the sustainable development of a regional municipality and the role of a municipality's factor endowment in fostering social and economic growth. The goal of the research is to get the integrated assessment of the factor endowment of the socio-economic development for the Kirov Region's territories. The integrated assessment was based on grouping the region’s districts by five sets of indicators, which made it possible to assess natural, material and technical, production, human, and financial capabilities for development. Typological classification of the region’s districts by the size of their factor endowments is based on the Kirov Region’s statistical data for 2010 as the starting point of resource availability for development of the region’s municipalities. The monitoring discovered essential differences in the size of the factor endowments between the districts of the region, which should result in the different scenarios for the districts' future development. The districts with a small factor (0.34-0.45) endowment require an immediate attraction of heavy investments from different sources for economic revival in these territories and to prevent depopulation processes. In the districts with a normal factor (0.58-0.69) endowment it is important to overcome the negative trends in economic activities of enterprises, to implement the diversification of their activities and to ensure the population stability. In the districts with the highest factor (0.70-0.82) endowment it is necessary to create conditions for its efficient use and reproduction of population. The importance of the developed classification of the region’s districts by their factor endowments is to get the scientific basis for reasoning the differentiated approach to the influence on the region’s territories by the government and for determining the strategies for their further social and economic development.