Winter wheat is the most important food crop which occupies a significant share of all arable lands of Russia. Winter wheat varieties grown in the Rostov region certainly have a lot of advantages though they also need further improvement to increase their tolerance to unfavorable environmental conditions and to get better and larger grain productivity. Thus the purpose of the researches was to study 16 samples of soft winter wheat of intensive type in the competitive variety testing in the Rostov region. They have been tested on productivity and its structural elements, resistance to lodging, tolerance to powdery mildew. The study and tests were conducted in FSBSI ARRIGC named after I.G. Kalinenko in 2013-2015. According to a set of economic-valuable traits of soft winter wheat some varieties showed better results in productivity -‘Nakhodka’(8.16 t/ha), ‘Tanais’ (8.15 t/ha), ‘Rostovchanka 5’ (8.12 t/ha) and ‘Kazachka’ (8.10 t/ha); in productive tillering - ‘Bonus’ (3.0 pieces per plant), ‘Zernogradka 10’ and ‘Marafon’ (2.7 p.), ‘Zernogradka 11’ (2.6 p.); in a number of spikelets per head - ‘Kipchak’ (21.4 p.), ‘Rostovchanka 7’ (20.7 p.)’Kazachka’ (20.2 p.), and ‘Marafon’ (20.0 p.); in a number of grain per head - ‘Kipchak’ (40.78 p.); in 1000-grain weight - ‘Kazachka’ (41.92 g), ‘Nakhodka’ (41.72 g), “Aksiniya’ (41.03 g), and ‘Luchezar’ (40.78 g); in tolerance to lodging - ‘Tanais’ and ‘Nakhodka’ (4.7 points), ‘Konkurent’ and ‘Bonus’ (4.5 points); in resistance to powdery mildew - ‘Aksiniya’, ‘Nakhodka’ and ‘Bonus’ (0.5 points). The identified varieties can be widely used in the breeding programs as the sources for creation of new hybrid material.

The influence of biological preparations Emistim, Zirkon, Siliplant and Streptomyces hygroscopicus strain A-4 on phytosanitary status of plants and grains, grain yield, fresh and dry matter yield of naked oat Vyatsky was studied in the field and laboratory (in vitro) experiments. Biological preparations were used separately for treatment of seeds and plants at tillering phase and in mixture with chemical fungicide Dividend star for seed treatment. Plot area was 5 m², 3 replications, in microbiological research - 5 replications. It was shown that growth regulator Emistim and St. hygroscopicus strain A-4 are most effective in cultivation technology of naked oat Vyatsky. Preparation Emistim per se and in mixture with fungicide Dividend star significantly reduced development of fusariosis (root rot, fusariosis of panicle) and helminthosporiosis (red-brown spot) diseases. Using of spore suspension of St. hygroscopicus strain A-4 is effective for phytosanitary purposes at plant treatment at tillering phase. Potentially pathogenic fungi Alternaria spp . (34.1%), Cladosporium spp . (11.8%), Penicillium spp . (22.4%) etc. prevailed (88.5%) in contaminant of newly grains, part of Fusarium spp . species was less than 10%. Studied preparations positively influenced on production processes in naked oat. Addition grain, fresh and matter yield was from 4 up to 106% relative to control on average for two years. This property of active substances of preparations is most evident in unfavorable growth conditions. For example, in dry 2013 significant addition grain yield was obtained in 14 variants of experiment from 15; fresh yield - in 6; dry matter - in 10; in 2014 with sufficient moistening they was not significant despite higher yield. It was established that significant influence on grain yield was provided not only by using preparations but also by diseases: root rot (r = -0.49) and stem rust (r = -0.42).

The results are shown of breeding work with awnless brome-grass ( Bromopsis inermis L.) in Northern Zauralye Agricultural Research Institute in 1983-2014. Methods are noted of creation of awnless brome-grass new initial forms - chemical mutagenesis, polycross, selection from wild species and local materials. More than 800 variety samples of awnless brome-grass were studied and tested in the collection nursery. The selection of plants and evaluation of the samples was conducted by elements of fodder and seed productivity, resistance to most prevalent diseases in the area (ergot, rust, helminthosporium), winter hardiness, and drought resistance. As a result of individual selection from native specimen of the Altai Territory breeder number 3 (E-43-79) was isolated, which become a basis for breeding of high-yield variety Langepas exceeding the standard Sverdlovskiy38 on yield of green mass and seeds, dry matter yield by 22.2; 38.4; and 53.4% respectively. The variety is included in the State Register of selection achievements of the Russian Federation on the Northern, North-Western, Volga-Vyatka, Ural, West Siberian and East Siberian regions. Since 1983 the effect of different mutagens - NMU, DMS, EI in concentrations of 0.02; 0.01; 0.005% in pure form and together with reparagene PABA (0.1%) on the awnless brome-grass variety Sverdlovsky 38 was studied. Plants were selected which combine stable seed production with high yields of green mass. Six promising populations, 230 families obtained from free pollination and 200 families - from forced pollination were selected in M₂ generation. The most valuable samples having economic beneficial traits are included in the further breeding process. At the state test in 1999 was transferred to 5 grades awnless brome-grass created using chemical mutagenesis. Two varieties - Argonaut and Stepasha (treatment of variety Sverdlovsky-38 seeds with mutagen LCA 0.02%) are included in The State Register of breeding achievements of the Russian Federation from 2007 for West Siberian region. Their yield of green mass exceeds parent form Sverdlovsky-38 by 14.2 and 8.3%; of dry matter yield - by 2.4 and 13.3%; of raw protein yield - by 14.1 and 16.1%; of seed productivity - by 31.8 and 68.2% respectively. The results of study of selection samples of awnless brome-grass for tolerance to ergot, helminthosporium and rust were presented.

The article presents the results of research of kinematic viscosity, falling number, protein content, starch and phosphorus in the grain of winter rye shoots of a different order of formation. The coefficient of variation of the parameters of grain quality within a single plant depending on the manner of formation of shoot was only 2.91-36.60%. A reduction in grain mass from 38.2 to 11.2 mg, the falling number from 201 (main shoot) to 130 (VI shoot) was established with increasing of formation order of shoot. The contents of water-soluble pentosans varied from 4.133% (main shoot) to 4.590% (shoot of VI order of formation), the viscosity of an aqueous extract on the shoots by formation order within the plant was changed from of 54.8 to 107.5 cCt (coefficient of variation - 26.81%). Protein content in grain had relatively less variations in the shoots of different order of formation within the plants (coefficient of variation - 2.91%). The starch content in the grain of the shoots of a different order of formation was changed from 47.7 up to 49.7 % (coefficient of variation - 1.81 %). Thus, with increasing of order of formation there is a decrease in the grain mass, a decrease in the falling number of grain and starch content, and increase in viscosity of the water extract, in content of grain protein and soluble pentosan. Ash content, phosphorus, potassium and calcium in the grain of the shoots of a different order of formation did not differ significantly (coefficient of variation -5.21, 2.91, 8.47, 3.37, and 8.56 % respectively).

Results of perennial study of 31 varieties of honeysuckle, 19 varieties of sea buckthorn, 13 elite plantlets of filbert, and 6 forms of quince on productivity and stability of fructification under conditions of Kirov region are presented in the article. The researches were shown sharp variations of productivity levels of non-traditional crops in dependence of weather conditions of year . Moreover, fructification of sea buckthorn suffered significant influence of damages with seabuckthorn fruit fly. As a result of investigation high-productive (1.43-2.82 kg/bush) honeysuckle varieties were selected: Slavyanka, Bogdana, Amphora, Viola, Nizhegorodskaya rannyaya, Morena, and Suvenir. Three varieties had high and stable productivity level: Suvenir, Viola, and Nizhegorodskaya rannyaya. Form 988-11 had good level of stable productivity. Study of productivity in 19 samples of sea buckthorn had shown its significant variability by years of researches from 0.39 (2007) up to 7.0 (2008) kg/plant. Grouping of investigated varieties on level of fructification allowed to select high productive (17/91, Kudrina, Dyujmovochka, Nizhegorodskij souvenir, 7-70-13-91) and productive (Zarevo, 24/91) samples. Four buckthorn varieties had stable fructification - Kudrina, Zarevo, 17/91, and 24/91. Perennial study of elite forms of filbert selected on earliness had shown possibility of obtaining of every-year yield of this crop under condition of northern border of its natural area. Forms 1-3-27, 3-12-27 were selected having high and stable productivity level as well as sample 1-2-21 with stable good level of fructification. Study of influence of level of quince plants' subfreezing on its productivity had shown an existence of middle negative relation between these two parameters (r = -0.66). Form 3-99 was selected on productivity. Sample 6-99 had middle stable productivity level.

Studying of modes of use of legume-grass mixture of birdsfoot trefoil with timothy grass was spent under conditions of the Kirov region at cultivation on strong acid soil. It is established that given grass mixture is energetically high-protein forage. The content of a crude protein in grass mixture depended on a part of trefoil in a yield, phases of development as well as on hay crops. The high content of protein in this mixture is noted in early phases of trefoil development (branching and budding) under favorable conditions of growth - in the first hay crop up to 14.5%, in the second hay crop increased up to 16.88% at a part of trefoil in a yield more than 50%. Under drought condition the content of a crude protein decreased as a rule especially in a flowering phase - to 9.09%. High concentration of exchange energy (more than 10 MDJ/kg of dry matter) is noted at cutting in all phases of trefoil development especially in the second and third hay crops. With passage of phases of plant development from branching till flowering the content of cellulose increased as a rule from 9…14 up to 21…26% in dependence on year of life and weather conditions. Herbages in early phases of development possess higher content of crude ashes and fat.

The article presents the results for 2004-2012 on study of comparative productivity of agricultural crops in crop rotations with legumes and cereals perennial grasses when using complex of agrochemicals. A study conducted in the Republic of Mordovia in the long-term stationary experiment on leached heavy loamy chernozem. Four factors were studied (3x2x2x5): liming, crop rotation, micronutrient fertilizers, mineral fertilizers. Doses of lime were calculated according to 0.5 and 1.0 hydrolytic acidity (GK). Rotations varied with cultivation of perennial grasses: lucerne and rump. Treatment of vegetative plants was carried out by liquid fertilizing-stimulating composition of trace elements (ZhUSS-2), 2.5 l/ha. Variants with fertilizers included three doses of nitrogen on the background of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer. The sequence of crops in grain-grass-till crop rotations - spring wheat with sowing of perennial grasses, grasses of 1st, 2nd and 3rd years of use, then the turnover of the soil - winter, spring wheat, soybeans, oats. The average annual productivity of legume crop rotation on the average for experience was 0.35 m GU/ha higher in compare with cereals crop rotation (2.51 t GU/ha). The action of lime was the most significant in the bean crop rotation, where the increase on the background of liming 0.5 GК was 0.13 t GU/ha. The effectiveness of crops treatment with preparation ZhUSS-2 was equivalent in both crop rotation (0.15 t GU/ha).

In the first time under conditions of Republic of Komi study was conducted on the influence of biologically active substances ("Verva", "Appin") and concentrated organoleptic fertilizer "potassium humate/sodium with microelements" in pure form and on the background of mineral fertilizers on productivity of natural grassland of the Sysola River floodplains, as well as evaluation of hay quality in the period from 2011 to 2015. The results of investigations shown that application of preparations in pure form does not lead to significant increase in productivity but a positive trend of its increasing always exists. In addition the positive effect of growth stimulators on the quality of the products was obtained. Gathering of the exchange energy, fodder units and crude protein increased in all variants with use of preparations in pure form and on the background of mineral fertilizers. Input of the preparation "Verva" on the N₃₀P₄₅K₄₅ background allows to obtain the best result. So productivity grew by 49.0 % (+0.29 t/ha), the yield of exchange energy by 49.1 % (+3.9 GJ/ha); 1.5 thousand fodder units/ha (+66.6 %) was obtained and the content of crude protein in absolute dry matter was 10.3 %.

In modern conditions of livestock-keeping and animal husbandry obstetric pathology is an important problem on many dairy operations that can have substantial effects on cow reproductive performance and productivity which emphasizes the need for working out of new means and schemes for prevention and studies to clarify their impacts on immune and biochemical homeostasis of animals. The objective of the present researches was to found out whether organic acid composition can influence blood indices characterizing the endogenous intoxication (EI) intensity and postpartum morbidity in cows. Study was conducted in conditions of a dairy farm typical of the Nizhny Novgorod region on two groups of Black-and-white Holstein dairy cows (body weight (BW) 500-550 kg, average milk yield 5300 kg). As a result of conducted researches it is established that the composition preparation BioFAYAL containing fumaric, ascorbic, succinic and citric acids when administrated to cows orally daily 65 days before and 10 days after calving in dose 10 mg per kg BW led to more physiological dynamics and stabilization of markers characterizing the EI intensity resulted in statistically significant reduction of high incidence of pre- and postpartum diseases by 44,1% (placental retention by 22,5%, endometritis by 31,2%). 10-14 days after calving decrease of the level of substances of low and medium molecular mass (SLMMM) on erythrocytes by 8,8% (р≤0,01), beta-hydroxybutirat by 38,6% (р≤0,05) and sorption capacity of erythrocytes by 5,1% was estimated in cows treated with the composition of organic acids when compared with intact animals.

Results of test of probiotic preparation Prolam's influence on safety of newborn calves, parameters of non-specifity resistance, and parameters of nitrogen metabolism and activity of transaminases are presented in the article. It is established that input of 20 ml of preparation during 10 days strongly prevented development of hard form of diarrhea syndrome obtaining 100% safety. Using of low doses of preparation (5 ml during 10 days) doae not supply sufficient degree of profilaxy and leads to forced slaughter of 20% of calves in experimental group. In control group safety of calves was 60%. At the end of experiment level of urea content in calves supplying with 20 ml of probiotic had significantly lower values in compare with control group (Р < 0.05) - 4.82±0.20 and 5.40±0.16 mmol/l accordingly. In group supplying with 5 ml of probiotic there were not significant intergroup differences on this parameter. Control calves had significantly higher values of transaminases (АsАТ and АlАТ) activity than in experimental groups because of intoxication with disbacteriosis. It is expecially manifested at use of 20 ml of preparation. Beside that the given scheme of Prolame using had pronounced influence on parameters of functional activity of neutrofiles. Thus reservoirces of neutrofiles at 10 day of experiment exceed the control parameter by 1.55 times (P < 0.05) and phagocytic number - by 2.25 times (P < 0.05). So, using of prebiotic preparation Prolam for newborn calves at 20 ml during 10 days prevents development of diarrhea syndrome and increases non-specific resistance of organism.

In practice of moose production planning estimates of the population size and the data on the magnitude of the increase are used (the number of embryos in pregnant females and number of females with calves), which are not accurate enough due to the large range of estimate of barrenness females (lim.: 5.2-72.1%), and unknown proportion of females in some populations. A large range of values of the proportion of calves in samples from 43 regions: 8.3-35.7% due to differences in habitat conditions and errors of observation. In our material the proportion of calves in the autumn herd was 16.8-24.3% and estimate juvenile mortality by November was 38.6-47.6% of that it less than published data (55-81%). The identity of estimates of the growth rate calculated from data of field observations and the parameters of survival and mortality has led to creation of method of calculation of average growth of livestock by the beginning of winter l using the number of calves (cj) in total sample (n) consisting of detected animals in the nature in October-November: λо = n / (n - cj). For example, a sample of 973 elk with calves c₁ = 163 gives the value of the exponent of the growth rate of the population at the beginning of winter: λo = 973 / (973 - 163) = 1,2012; and the growth rate of r₀ = ln 1.2012 = 0.183. The value r₀ = 0.183 in the form of the lagged growth rate: h = 1 - e^{- 0.183} = 0.168 (16.8%) serves as a measure of the limit value for total mortality of this species during the winter period providing zero growth rate of population. Second equation makes it easy to obtain values of parameter 1: regression of growth value on the date of the observations: y = 1.6212 • X^-0.1271; (R² = 0.8754) improving availability of the indicator "growth rate at the beginning of winter" for the practice of calculation of quotas of moose extraction.

Study of the population structure of mammal species inhabitate natural ecological systems directed on justify the conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use of biological resources and providing of the environmental legislation. In 1997 - 2014 ecosystem studies of southern taiga were conducted within Kaiskiy-Unzhinskiy forest with different level of modes of protection and use of natural resources. As a result of the translocation in a single natural complex since 1954 for a 60-year period it was created a population group of beaver that inhabits unevenly in reserve and neighboring areas. Using the natural differentiation of the territory and its animal population as a basis for comparative methods of knowledge allowed to indicate that the micro-population group of beavers is at the stage of maximum development. To control the complex use of natural resources and regulation of beaver populations, to increase the productivity of their groups, ensure the conservation and reproduction of habitats, the sustainable use of resources, environmental security, schemes of forest planning, wildlife management and other activities in partnership with the reserve are need. It is necessary as they are located in a natural integral territorial complex. Now it is necessary to carry out next regular activities and control: the state monitoring of objects of fauna and their habitats. It is necessary to regulate the population of beavers also in all hunting and urban areas.

Conducting of theoretical investigations of moving process of grain heap under the action of air flow and analysis of obtained trajectories of moving is necessary at design of pneumo-separating devices of grain-cleaning machines. There are two variants of calculation of moving trajectories of components: taking into account of interaction between particles and without this interaction. The aim of the given study was comparison of both variants of accounting. Process of moving of grain heap components is considered on the example of suction chamber of machine for preliminary grain cleaning MPZ-50. By results of analysis of obtained moving trajectories of grain heap components it is established that resistance force of material layer reduces shift of moving trajectories of grain heap components toward channel of main cleaning (0.005…0.007 m). Light impurities with the factor of a sail-k_П=1.09 m^-1 with initial conditions of particles entering the receiving chamber in x₀=0 -0.025...0 m under the action of lateral air flow is removed from the separation zone through the channel in the sedimentary pre-treatment chamber of the pneumatic system of the machine MPZ -50, and impurity at x₀=-0.050 m fall on the outer wall of the main channel clean and under the action of gravity slide down into grooves of the supply roller on top of the full grain, which increases the probability of their selection in the main channel clean. As to usage of first or second variant of calculation of moving trajectories than the conclusion may be accepted that for preliminary calculation of pneumo-separating devices for example, determination of location of their working parts, it is enough to consider moving process of grain heap components without accounting of resistance force of material layer that allow to simplify similar investigation significantly. Conducting of theoretic investigations with accounting of resistance force is necessary for determination of optimal parameters of working organs.

Storage of fodders in the Republic of Komi is faced with a variety of climatic and technical problems. The duration of the stall period is 240 days while all fodders for all period must be prepared for two to three weeks in the period when their nutritional value is maximal. Unstable weather conditions in summer increase the duration of the workpiece in the prejustice of the quality of feed. Depreciation and low numbers of tractors in turn leads to disruption of the timing of individual operations. Under these conditions the use of various preservatives is able to minimize the impact of such violations. The use of liquid chemical and biological preservatives in the agriculture of the Komi Republic is limited due to high cost, low efficiency and lack of mechanization means. Results of V.N. Bakanov's researches on silage conservation with carbon dioxide in the 80s of the last century showed the possibility of gas using as a preservative for silage. Laboratory and field studies have been done in Agricultural research institute of Komi Republic on input of carbon dioxide into the silage with different pressing densities; the selection of the optimum dose of preservative was made and technological parameters for its input (expenditure and number of filing zones) were defined. A result of studies confirmed the hypothesis that the efficiency of carbon dioxide within the diffusing haylage mass allowing to inhibit microbiological processes in the feedstock. Researches have shown that carbon dioxide acts most efficiently at silage densities of 290…330 kg/m³ at a dose of 0.40...0.50 x 10^-3 m³/kg. Consumption of 0.50…0.60 m³/h provides uniform distribution of the preservative inside the packed silage.