The founder of agriculture science in the North was A. V. Zhuravsky, who convincingly proved the possibility of the Northern agriculture where plant industry should play a secondary role. On the first place he raised the livestock, and the processing of plant resources. Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, the only agricultural research institution in the Republic of Komi, is the legal successor of the State experiment station organized in the city of Syktyvkar in 1957. The Institute is a complex scientific institution that studies the practical problems of agricultural industry in relation to the conditions of the North. The main aim of the Institute is to conduct of fundamental and applied researches focused on obtaining results that have practical application. It was developed directions of the state policy of support and stimulation of innovative activity of the agrarian sector of the region. As a result of aim-directed activity lands with the original humus content of 1.0-1.2% and acidity 4.0-4.2 pH turned into most fertile land in the Republic of Komi. Today 63-73% of the surveyed lands have high and heightened content of humus, about 60% of the land have neutral and slightly acid reaction of soil solution. Grassroots varieties of perennial grasses were created characterized by high winter hardiness, good spring growth, and high environmental functions. New varieties of potatoes are able to form a full crop in the conditions of long daylight and short period of tubers growth. For creation of stabile fodder base it was developed uninterrupted raw material conveyor using perennial grasses providing the dry mass of 4-6 t/ha with a crude protein content of 12-14% and increased duration of fodder providing over 20 days. In a field of livestock bio-information technologies were introduced in the breeding of cattle and sheep; genetic examination of origin of animals is done. A method of treatment of entamoses, anthrax, necrobacteriosis and some of helminths of reindeer is developed. With the aim of increasing of crop capacity, reduce of costs and save the environment technologies for improving floodplain meadows; cultivation of vegetable crops and potato breeding berry crops were developed at the Institute.

The parameters of ecological plasticity and stability of the “yield” trait of winter rye varieties are considered in the article. During 2014.. .2016 in the conditions of the Republic of Komi on the fields of the Sysolsky SVTA the next varieties of winter rye were investigated: Falenskaya 4, Rada, Flora, Graphinya - bred in North-East Agricultural Research Institute, Bereginya - bred in VIR named after N.I. Vavilov and FSUE “Kotlasskoye”, Podarok - bred in “TatNIISH”. The soils of the experimental field are sod-podzolic medium loamy. Meteorological conditions in the years of study had contrasting indices during the growing season of winter rye both in amount of precipitation and in temperature regime. In 2016 the most favorable with moisture and heat availability all the tested varieties obtained the highest grain yield of 3.32-4.00 t/ha depending on the variety. The index of environmental conditions assumed a positive value of I_j = 10.6. Unfavorable weather conditions were in 2014 and 2015; the environmental conditions index had a negative value of I_j = -5.42 and -5.2 respectively. The yield of the studied varieties was not high. The average grain yield varied from 2.12 to 2.80 t/ha depending on the variety. The coefficient of linear regression (b_i) of the yields of winter rye varieties shows their reaction on the change in environmental conditions. Varieties Bereginya (b_i = 1.13), Graphinya (b_i = 1.13) and Flora (b_i = 1.11) had the value b_i>1 and were more responsive to change of environmental conditions and demanding to higher levels of agrotechnics. The Rada variety was b_i = 0.69 (b_i<1) which indicates a weak reaction to the change in environmental conditions. Varieties Falenskaya 4 (b_i = 0.95) and Podarok (b_i = 1.0) change their yield in full accordance with changes in environmental conditions. Based on the results of the study of ecological parameters the variety Graphinya which has high ecological plasticity and stability is the most valuable for the conditions of the Komi Republic; it is responsive to changing environmental conditions and shows the highest yield.

Deficiency of vitamins in northerners can be replenished by the inclusion in the diet of fruits of berry crops, the prospects of which cultivation in the Republic of Komi is due to the compliance of biological features to the climate of the region. Obtaining of high yields of berry crops is possible with the right selection of varieties. The purpose of this work was the study of varieties of berry crops on a set of basic economic-useful traits (winter resistance, productivity, quality of berries, resistance to diseases and pests) and the selection of promising varieties for the formation of adaptive agrophytocenoses of berry crops in conditions of the Republic of Komi. The research was conducted in the nursery of the FGBNU NIISKh of the Republic of Komi (Syktyvkar). The results of the long-term (2005.2016) varietal study of 107 varieties of berry crops are presented. For the formation of adaptive agrophytocenoses of berry crops in conditions of the Republic of Komi, highly productive varieties of different maturation periods are selected: black currant Lentyay, Vernost, Valovaya, Orlovskiy vals, and Arkadiya with a productivity of 4.52.5.40 kg/bush (the Orlovskiy vals was characterized by stable productivity); red currant Vika and Marmeladnitsa with a productivity of 5.84.6.02 kg/bush (stable productivity is noted in the variety Marmeladnitsa); gooseberry Mayak, Plodorodny zeleny with a productivity of 7.84.7.97 kg/bush (stable productivity was observed in the Plodorodny zeleny variety); blue honeysuckle Morena and Amfora with a productivity of 1.99.2.20 kg/bush; garden strawberry Vityaz, Kokinskaya zarya with a productivity of 1.47.1.65 kg/m; raspberry Ottava, Volnitsa with a stable productivity of 2.70.2.86 kg/m. The offered varieties provided an increase in the productivity of agrophytocenoses of berry crops in conditions of the Republic of Komi by 7.0.86.4%.

The evaluation of varieties of spring soft wheat Bazhenka, Vyatchanka, Svecha, Iren’, Margarita, Simbirzit, and Priokskaya on yield and parameters of adaptive properties, including ecological plasticity, stability and homeostaticity was carried out. A significant influence of environmental factors on the formation of productivity is shown. Average yields of varieties for 2014...2016 in five ecological points of the Kirov region was 3.59 t/ha and varied depending on the test point from 2.61 to 4.18 t/ha (the share of influence of the factor is 38.7%), the conditions of the year - from 3.05 to 4.04 t/ha (18.9%), the genotype - from 3.29 to 3.92 t/ha (6.4%). With regression analysis varieties of intensive type (Bazhenka, Margarita, Simbirtsit) and varieties with a weak response to changes in environmental conditions (Svecha, Iren) have been identified. A high level of average yields was distinguished by early varieties Vyatchanka and middle-ripening varieties Margarita and Simbirtsit. High degree of homeostatics was in variety Priokskaya. The analysis of nine parameters of adaptive properties calculated by different methods determined the high consistency between the coefficient of variation, the plasticity and stability characteristics by S.A. Eberhart and V.A. Russell, and the multiplicative coefficient. The coefficient of regression, in turn, significantly correlated with the yield, i.e. varieties with high level of the trait were characterized as more plastic. The parameters of Stability Index, homeostaticity, and the level of variety stability bear similar information and can be recommended for assessing homeostasis as a property to provide high and stable yield in different media.

The aim of the work was to find out specificity of inheritance of inflorescence number per plant and mean fruit mass in strawberry under conditions of a region with cold winters and poor snow cover in dependence on winter hardiness level of parent cultivars. Data obtained in three studies, aimed on evaluation of parent cultivars differing in winter hardiness and yield components values and their progenies from crosses with small-fruited wild species and between each other, served as the material. Features of inheritance of studied characters were established, using estimation of deviations of average values of inflorescence number per plant and fruit mass of progeny from average values between parent cultivars. Winter hardiness of parent genotypes had effects on the inheritance of yield components. Winter hardy and high-yielding cultivars Festivalnaya, Feierverk and Alpha passed of the character of high inflorescence number to their hybrids which was accompanied by a significant negative deviation of mean fruit mass in the progenies from its average value of two parent cultivars. Insufficient winter hardiness of flower buds in ‘Rubinovy Kulon’ led to negative deviations of inflorescence number in its progenies, but the inflorescence losses in the descendants were compensated by average fruit mass increase. Breeding for yield and large fruit was more efficient when winter hardy cultivars that produced numerous inflorescences were crossed with cultivars that lost a part of inflorescences during overwintering and compensated the losses by fruit mass increasing. Crossing of high-yielding mid-season and mid-late cultivars with large-fruited early to mid-season ones (with mean fruit mass higher than 11.0 g) is more promising compared to crossing of cultivars with close components values and terms of fruit maturing. This ensures obtaining progenies with an improved balance between inflorescence number (6.5-8.5 in first cropping year) and fruit mass (exceeding 12.0 g) at high enough winter hardiness.

The article presents the results of studies for 2010.2014 conducted under the conditions of the Republic of Komi on perennial grasses in single form and in grass mixtures, which included legume crops that are unconventional for the republic such as the horned lotus and hybrid clover. The rate of sowing seeds taking into account the emergence in single form was 10, in grass mixtures - 14.15 kg/ha. Seeding of grasses is uncovered. The plot area is 20 m², the replication is fourfold. Annually early in the spring fertilizing with mineral fertilizers was introduced at the rate of N 30 P 45 K 45 kg of acting matter per hectare. Harvesting of perennial agrocenoses was carried out during the budding phase - at the beginning of flowering of legumes. In the fifth year of life the height of the horned lotus in its single form corresponded to 78.2 cm which is 1.3 times higher than in the three-component grass mixture with meadow clover Orpheus and timothy grass. Timothy meadow in grass mixtures gained high of 92.2.107.0 cm to the cut ripeness. The yield of dry matter on average for years of research is dependened on the composition of the mixture and the varied in samples from 4.8 to 8.0 t/ha. The highest productivity was recorded in the three-component grass-mixed horned lotus Solnyshko + meadow clover Orpheus + timothy grass Severnaya - 8.0 t/ha which is 1.7 times higher than in lotus in single form and 0.6 t/ha more than in the two-component grass mix of meadow clover Trio + timothy grass and hybrid clover + timothy grass. The maximal gathering of crude protein per 1 kg of dry matter (16.7%) was obtained in the variant of a horned lotus in single form.

In a field stationary experiment on sod-podzolic light-loamy soil the efficiency of organic and mineral fertilizers and their combinations on the fertility and productivity of soil were examined. The best results were obtained by joint application of (TNC 80 t/ha) and mineral fertilizer (1 NPK). The average yield of potato for 2 crop rotation was 3.9, of annual grasses - 4.4, and of perennial grasses 6.6 t/ha of dry matter respectively. It is revealed that organic-mineral system of fertilizing promoted the increase in the starch content in potatoes to 13.13.6% (in control - 10.3 and 11.6%). Organic and organic-mineral systems of fertilizing had positive influence on content of soil organic matter. For 1978.2015 humus content is increased by 0.7.0.9% at using TNK (40 and 80 t/ha) and by 0.3.0.5% at complex use of organic and mineral fertilizers. At using of different doses of mineral fertilizers the humus content in the soil decreased by 0.1.. .0.2%

Windbreaks as an important part of agrobiocenoses detain snow on the inter-band space which causes the accumulation of pollutants in the soil including heavy metals (HM). The article presents the results of studies for 2001.2008 in the Republic of Mordovia on study the effect of windbreaks on the distribution of highly toxic HM in the layers of chernozem leached heavy loam (in the layers 0-20 cm, 30-40 cm, 50-60 cm) under conditions of windbreak and the protected field on the windy side. Age of deciduous trees is more than 50 years. Sampling points: windbreak, 10, 30, 50, 100, 150 and 250 m (background) from the strip. The soil contamination of the forest stripe with TM is more than in the field and indicates its ability to filter technogenic emissions. In the 0-20 cm layer of the windbreak the content of TM is 1.09 - 5.07 times higher than in the plowland of the geochemical area where the field is located; only Cu is less than the estimated permissible concentrations of HM. Therefore it is dangerous to collect mushrooms in forest belts around cities. The total content of HM varied in the soil layers of the field up to 60 cm. The redistribution of the maxima of the relative proportions of the HM content in the layers at a different distance from the strip depending on the metal was noted: 50 m for Pb, Zn, Cu, Co; in 250 m - more differentiated for Zn, Ni, Co. The content of HM in the soil of the background site is significantly lower than in the soil of the band across all layers for Pb, Zn, Ni; in the 0-20 cm layer for Cu; in the layers 0-20 and 30-40 cm - for Co. It is recommended to grow raw materials for dietary products and baby food in the center of the fields. The eluvial-accumulative coefficient shows the aerial and hydrogenic types of soil contamination associated with the distribution and quality of the snow cover in the field protected by the strip.

The article presents the stages of research on the development of technology for combating edemagenosis and anthrax of northern reindeer on the basis of the use of compositions of therapeutic and prophylactic drugs from the group of Iver-, Avermectins and the antiviral vaccine strain 55 VNIVViM. The need to conduct surveys is motivated by the advisability of combining two massive annual planned medical and prophylactic measures in reindeer husbandry (vaccination against Siberian sores and pharmacotherapy of edemagenosis), associated with large economic costs and labor intensity of the process. As a result of the conducted studies, the physicochemical compatibility of ivere-, avermectins and anti-STI vaccine strain 55 VNIVViM and harmlessness for deer was established. At the same time, a stable immunity against anthrax with an antibody titer from 1: 160 to 1: 640 and a 100% efficacy of larvocidal action against larvae of the subcutaneous gadfly is formed in the animals. The article also presents a split scheme for an unphaxic injection of medicinal and prophylactic drugs to deer, which contributes to a reduction in labor costs and a reduction in the timing of appropriate interventions.

The article presents data on the study of the characteristics of the biochemical profile in pregnant cows at late gestation. The research was carried out in agricultural organizations of the Sverdlovsk Region. Deviations of mean values of globulin content (47.0±1.2 g/l), total creatine phosphate kinase (310.1±55.4 U/l), triglycerides (0.4±0.1 g/l), magnesium (1.3±0.1 mmol/l) in the group of deep-bodied cows were in the direction of increase in indices. An increase in the total protein content of more than 82 g/l was observed in 37.2% of the cows examined, a decrease in the albumin concentration of less than 29 g/l in 13.2%, a urea level of less than 2.0 mmol / L in 20.7% and aminotransferases (ALT And ASAT) in 1.0.23.1% of deep-bodied cows, respectively. The revealed changes indicate a decrease in the processes of transamination and synthetic function of the liver, due to an increased functional load on the organ. A change in lipid metabolism was revealed, which manifested by an increase in cholesterol content of more than 5.0 mmol/l in 6.0% and triglycerides in 1.5.2 times in 25% of pregnant cows. The increase in activity of creatine phosphate kinase (CK) above 280 U/l was found in 16.9% of pregnant cows, which indicates an increase in the alakta mechanism of energy supply, and may be associated with a pronounced load on the cardiovascular system, an increase in the activity of CK in the placenta in its pathology. A physiological increase in lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase was noted in 9.2% and 2.5% of the cows examined, respectively. There is metabolic change in acid-alkaline and water-electrolitic exchanges. At analysis of mineral metabolism indices it was pointed out decrease in calcium and phosphorus content in blood of 9.1 and 15.7 pregnated cows that is linked with increase in processes of ossification of embrion steleton and established of its haemopoesis. Hypokaliemie is recorded in 54.5% of cows. Analysis of results about content of microelements in blood of pregnated cows showed the increase in Zn and Cu content at 10.3 and 4.2% of animals. At this the deficite of these elements was indicated in 6.9 and 8.3% of cows.

During scientific-industrial experiment influence of biopreparation STF 1/56 Tim made on the basis of life culture Enterococcus faecium 1/56 on newborn calves of red steppe bred was studied since 2-day age. Animals of test group take preparation daily with milk at doze of 5 ml/head (up to 15-day age) and 10 mg/head (15.20-day age). Animals of control group do not take a preparation. Total amount of eritrocites, leukocites in Goryaev’s count camera. Leucogram was get in smears stained after Romanovsky-Gimza. To determine the bactericidal activity of blood was performed staging of spontaneous and stimulated recovery test nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT-test). At 15-th day of study there were statistically significant (р < 0.001) differences in number of eosinophils (7.09%) and stab neutrophils (13.3%) in animals of experiment group in comparison with calvel of control group (4.01 and 7.31% respectively). Cell protection factors get active. Phagocytic activity of blood cells in the experiment animal was 16.5% higher in compare with control: 56% versus 49.8% respectively. Simultaneously, a statistically significant (p < 0.001) increase in blood neutrophil bactericidal activity was indicated of 57.09% in the experiment versus 46.43% in the control. Indicator of reserve capacity of bactericidal activity in the experimental group was 6.82% against 4.03% in the controls (p < 0.001). It was established that under the influence of probiotic ALS blood on the 10 and 20 day of use of a biological product was higher in calves of the experimental group and was equal to 56.06% and 57.09% against 42.12% and 46.43% in control, respectively. Conducted research and production experience, and the results obtained show that the use of the drug STF 1/56 TiM alimentary to calves of newborn period with milk has a statistically significant effect on hematologic and immunologic status of the animals.

The aim of the research was to study the chemical composition and toxic properties of plant phytocomplex, which have the most pronounced adaptogenic properties. Object of the study: a phytocomplex including levsea safflower (Rhaponticum carthamoides), serpent crown (Serratula coronata), fenugreev creeper (Filipendula ulmaria). Initially, the chemical composition was determined in selected plants, and then the alcohol extract from the phytocomplex was tested in white mice for toxicity. The toxicity study of extract of the studied phytocomplex was carried out on mice divided into 2 experiment and 2 control groups (n = 5 in each group), which was injected parenterally and intragastrically at once in a volume of 0.5 ml/mouse; the maximum dose of extractive substances of the phytocomplex was 2.5 g/kg of body weight in terms of dry matter. In the control, physiological saline was injected once in the same volume. Within 10 days the clinical condition of the animals was monitored. Before and after the experiment the blood was examined for the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes and hemoglobin concentration. The results of studies of phytocomplex containing water-alcohol extracts of the herbs Rhaponticum carthamoides, Serratula coronata, Filipendula ulmaria, showed that the biologically active substances in it are: amino acids - aspartic (3.5.3.9 g/100 g), glutamic (2,5...3.0 g /100 g), leucine (1.9...2.0 g/100 g), tyrosine (1.2...1.4 g/100 g), lysine (1.6 g /100 g ); Vitamins C (62.0.77.0 mg /%), E (6.2 mg /%), carotenoids (65.0.113.0 mg /%), PP (11.5 mg /% ); Ecdysteroids (418.0.2170 mg / kg), and flavonoids (3.0.. .7.2% of the dry matter). All the herbs of the phytocomplex contain protein, sugars, vitamins, amino acids, tannins and flavonoids. Intragastric and intraperitoneal administration of the phytocomplex to white mice showed no toxic properties.

The article is devoted to the actual problem of studying the peculiarities of lead exchange in the organism of dairy cows in conditions of winter and summer feeding rations. The experimental and analytical part of the research was carried out at the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands (FGBNU VNIIMZ) on cows of black-nosed breed with productivity of 4600.5000 kg of milk. To study the exchange of macro- and microelements in the body of cows, physiological experiments were carried out according to the methods of the FGBNU VIZH and FGBNU VIC and zootechnical analysis taking into account the recommendations. In the experiments it was provided by the methodical principle of “unity of intergroup differences” and the presence of the control animals. It is possible to obtain objective comparative experimental data and credible conclusions based on mathematical processing using statistical computer programs. Results of physiological test were studied by correlation and regression analyzes. The method of correlation analysis determined mutual dependence of lead content in the feed, feces, urine, milk, and in the body of animals on its content in a ration. It has allowed to reveal total (linear) relationship in the metabolism of the element occurring in an organism of the animal in the winter and summer feeding rations. Equations the pair non-linear regression, showing the dependence of the content of a particular chemical element in the feces, urine, breast milk, and in the body of an animal from its content in a ration, make it possible to identify the true form of communication, due to the influence factor of the element content in ration on the chemical composition of the products, and animal excrement. In experiments with dairy cows (balance tests) characteristics of lead intake in the body of animals with food and water, the degree of removing it from the feces and urine were installed, as well as the degree of contamination of milk.

Prerequisites for the use of ideas of nature at the creation of agricultural machinery founded by academician V.P. Goryachkin, Professor A.N. Gudkov and other scientists. We have proposed a new bionic direction in agricultural mechanics, which consists in using the principles and techniques of bionics for the justification of working processes of agricultural machines and their working bodies. A living biological system “soil-plant-atmosphere” is considered in which the artificial deformer - working body tillage tools is introduced during the process of acting. All parameters of the generated tillage of the working body should be obtained on the basis of bionic modeling a biological prototype operating in this system. For bionic modeling of the working bodies of tillage machines the closest biological prototypes limbs are burrowing animals and insect burrowing animals and aquatic organisms. Study of the jaw apparatus of birds was given the opportunity to justify the form of bits on the high-speed cultivator claws in the form of a bird beak. The peculiar structure of the claws and teeth of animals as a combination of layers of different hardness is used in the creation of self-sharpening plowshares and hoes. The study of movement paws of the siberian zokor and marmot helped to determine the kinematics of the blades of the working bodies of milling cutter for processing the reclamation of sodic soils. The analysis of the principle of the movement of earthworm and structure of the main elements of its body design developed of the flexible harrows, the teeth of which are formed by the setae of the worm. The principle of creation moves worms in dense soil underlying the design of vibration-impact chisel working body. Prototype with digging limb of a mole, pink armadillo, mole crickets and rhinoceros beetle have developed a new design cultivator working bodies with teeth on the tines and the rack. Determination of the optimal shape and parameters of the frontal surface of the slope of the lines is allowed to create new constructive scheme of flat-cutting tillage of the working body, which consists of a frame and a knife mounted on two vertical posts.

The Republic of Komi has a fairly high innovative potential, which, however, has significant obstacles to its implementation (especially in the peripheral areas) due to weak infrastructure development. The main volume of the implemented innovative projects linked with local farms to major centers of settlement, although in recent years innovative investment projects began to be implemented in peripheral areas. The main barriers to implementation of innovative projects are underdeveloped transport and energy infrastructure in the region, as well as the lack of own funds for investment from enterprises-customers. Furthermore, the population in the peripheral areas often is not interested in the introduction of innovations in agriculture, because the production here is sufficient for the local population level. To the General level of investment of 110 billion roubles per year an agriculture was supported primarily as a socially significant industry, providing employment in the field. When the level of investment in 110 - 170 billion on the ground that there is ample employment, in which the social role of agriculture is declining. For increase of efficiency of innovative activity in agriculture of the Republic of Komi proposed geographically focused approach to supporting innovation provide forms and volumes of state support of innovations for agriculture in particular regions of the Komi Republic, directions of decision of problems of agrarian and industrial complex of the Komi Republic, due to its characteristics as a system. The economic efficiency of the proposed measures is to optimize the state regulation of the directions and intensity of innovative processes in agriculture of the Republic on the basis of the territorially-oriented approach, and the use of new organizational instruments of such regulation.