The article reviews the role of antioxidants and their use as additives in feed for various types of farm animals and poultry. Incoming antioxidants activate protection. This protection is based on preventing the leakage of free electrons in mitochondria by cleaning intermediate radicals with vitamins, glutathiones, uric acid, bilirubin, ubiquinone, etc. Damaged molecules are restored and removed and the synthesis of new molecules is activated. Feed additives of natural origin are characterized by a high content of antioxidants. The use of these additives can improve the efficiency of animal and poultry farming. Facts about the presence of natural antioxidants in plants are outlined in the review. Phenolic compounds and flavonoids forming the basis of natural antioxidants play a vital role in preventing diseases associated with both oxidative stress, which produces free radicals, and as inhibitors of pathogenic microflora. Organoleptic changes affecting the period of storing occur during the oxidation of livestock products during storage. The presence of antioxidants limits the degree of oxidation of livestock products. Synthetic antioxidants are forbidden in many countries although they are effective in inhibiting oxidation in food. A natural alternative to traditional synthetic antioxidants for the purpose of using them as preservatives for livestock products is becoming more preferable, since until now the harm for the consumer from the action of natural antioxidants in comparison with synthetic ones has not been proved: natural antioxidants effectively slow down lipid oxidation.

The studies were carried out in 2015-2018. In the conditions of the Kirov region 25 lines and varieties of naked oat were studied in competitive test nursery. High significant correlation between "productivity" and "hydrothermal coefficient" traits was revealed (r = 0.72). Lines 14h12o, 11h12o, 21h12o, 12h12, 63h11, 42h12o, 31h12, 54h11, 37h12, and variety Bekas were selected, as they significantly exceeded standard variety Vyatsky by yield productivity. Two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant influence offactors and their interaction on productivity of naked oat lines. The influence of the year was 31.6% and the genotype influence amounted to 15.2% of the trait general phenotypical variability. Calculation of values of plasticity (b) and stability (S²) allowed to select lines with higher plasticity: 14h12o, 11h12o, 21h12o, 12h12, 1h07, 72h11, 63h11, 42h12o, 31h12, 54h11 (b_i = 1.09... 1.53). Weak response to changes in environment conditions was observed in lines 114h12, 4h12, 100h12 and in Persheron variety (b_i = 0.30...0.58). Line 102h13 and Persheron variety were the most stable (S²_i = 0.15). The best conditions according to the indexes of environment conditions were in 2015 and 2017 (Ij = 0.41 and 0.69). The worst conditions for oat growth and development were in 2016 (Ij = -1.06). A significant middle correlation dependence between grain productivity and plasticity (r = 0.423), grain productivity and stability (r = 0.417) was established. The calculation of variation coefficient showed a high variation of the following traits: "number of grains per panicle", "grain mass per panicle", "grain mass per plant", "yielding of grain ". The traits "1000 grain mass" and "productive tilling capacity " were less variable. Therefore, the perspective high-yield lines of naked oat 11h12o, 21h12o, 37h12o and 63h11 combining high plasticity and middle-level stability of basic elements ofproductivity structure have been selected.

The requirements for assessment of new barley cultivars quality, imposed on plant breeding research, can be very different, even contradictory, depending on the intended use. The study of 13 competitive variety test numbers carried out in Moscow region in 2013-2018 helped to reveal the most promising ones, capable of producing grain with high biochemical and technological quality indicators. The great value for forage use was demonstrated by the samples with a high protein and essential amino acid lysine content as well as a high level of exchange energy in the grain. It has been established that a new forage variety Zlatoyar accumulated the maximum protein content (13.9%) and essential amino acid lysine content (0.52%) with productivity of 7.55 t/ha in different by humidity years. The grain of naked barley dyhaploid form 9h1137 had the optimal nutritious content: 151 g of crude protein, 31 g of crude fat, 667 g of nitrogen-free extractives, and 18 g of cellulose per 1kg of dry mass. It was noted, that those cultivars were characterized by the exchange energy of 11.39-11.82 Mj per 1 kg of cattle forage, and 13.22-14.33 Mj per 1 kg of pig forage. The valuable material for brewery purposes corresponding with the international quality standards has been developed. The Nadezhny variety was selected as well as promising lines 141/1-09 h 746; 85/1-13 h 1067, 181/3-12 h 897, which had a higher content of extractives in the grain (79.9-82.5%). In favorable vegetation conditions, they had grain protein content of 10.6-11.2%, which corresponded with the highest grade of the international standards for malting qualities of grain. In dry vegetation conditions, the protein content did not exceed 12.4%. The edibility characteristics of barley cultivars were evaluated by technological parameters of grain and porridge as a finished product. The laboratory test for the barley groat qualities gave the following results: the grain unit (709-711 gram per liter), 1000 grain mass (50.551.8 g), kernel hardness (42.8-46.2%), groat grain output per 4 minutes (56.5-57.7%), the color of finished porridge (4.8-5.0 grades). It helped to identify the Nur and the Zlatoyar varieties as especially valuable for peeled-barley and pearl barley groats.

In 2001-2017 in the conditions of Kirov region 36 winter rye varieties were assessed according to the character of interrelation in a "Secale cereale - Claviceps purpurea" pathosystem. The article provides the results of this research. For assessment of the change in meteorological conditions and their influence on ergot development the average daily air temperature and amount of precipitations from May 1 to May 31 (the period of screrotia germination) and from June 5 to June 15 (the period of plants infection) were used. The study of varieties was carried out by artificial inoculation of flowers with pathogen suspension. The ergot recording was carried out at a phase of milk-wax ripeness of grain according to infection of biocenoses (quantitative trait) and on contamination of grain mass with sclerotia (qualitative trait). At an artificial inoculation all rye varieties under study were infected by ergot in limits from 8.3 up to 100% that demonstrated their strong susceptibility to disease. Only 6 varieties (Falenskaya 4, Kirovskaya 89, Rada, Flora, Dymka, and Volkhova) were infected at the level of 8.3-27.3%, contamination of grain mass by sclerotia – 0.4-1.9%. The standard variety Falenskaya 4 had a high productivity and efficiency of plants (660 g/m2 and 11.0 g), which was characterized by a high degree of re-growth after infestation with a snow mold (100%), the smallest distribution of an ergot in sowing and contamination of grain mass with sclerotia. During the correlation analysis a close relation between the infestation of plants with an ergot and contamination of grain mass with sclerotia (r = 0.76) was established. The same immunological traits significantly influenced on the productivity (r = -0.67 and -0.55) and insignificantly - on plants efficiency. The positive dependence between immunological traits and 1000-grain mass was revealed. Possibly, sterilization of an ear leads to formation of a larger grain in fertile flowers (r = 0.42 and 0.37). The regression equations between the amount of sclerotia in an ear, mass of grain per ear and a number of grains in it have proved with 95-97% probability that with 1 sclerotium increase in contamination per ear, the grain mass per ear decreases by 0.18 grams, and the amount of grains per ear – by 4.7 pieces.

The article presents the results of studies conducted in 2004-2010 at the experimental plot in the forest-steppe Volga region. The research investigated the impact of traditional (average) and differentiated use of mineral fertilizers in the field crop rotation (winter wheat (reconnaissance sowing) – spring wheat ‒ annual grass – spring barley – bare fallow– winter wheat – spring wheat) on the change of agrochemical properties of leached chernozem. It was established that the six-year use of fertilizers contributed to the improvement of the main indicators of top soil fertility regardless of application technology. On average, in 15 sectors (plots) of each variant, the content of mobile phosphorus per rotation of crop rotation increased with differentiated fertilization by 15.9%, potassium – by 15%, and in the traditional one – by 4.8 and 16.7% respectively, (control of 100.8 and 116.2 mg/kg of soil, respectively). In sectors where no fertilizer was applied, the content of mobile elements decreased by 2-7%. The nitrogen content in the soil directly depended on the timing of sampling and the amount of moisture in the soil, so it was difficult to track its change. The difference in the accumulation of mineral nitrogen between the technologies of fertilizer application was not observed. For organic matter in all variants of the experience over the years of research there was a decrease in the indicator. This was more noticeable in the control, where the value decreased by 2.7%. Here, the value of soil acidity increased by 0.12 units and became 4.7. In variants with fertilizers soil acidity remained the same (4.6-4.7). In general, the differentiated use of mineral fertilizers did not have a negative influence on the agrochemical composition of leached chernozem. There was a gradual equalization of soil fertility due to the residual amounts of phosphorus and potassium on low-fertile plots and some reduction of mobile elements in zones with high content.

The article gives scientific substantiation of using silicon-containing new feed additive “Energosil” for replacement gilts. The studies were conducted in pig-breeding complex of the Center for Practical Training of Agricultural Specialists in Mordovia Republic. There were three experimental groups of replacement gilts (10 animals each). The effect of various dosages of Energosil (5.0, 7.5, and 10 mg per kg of body weight) on digestibility, nutrient utilization, and animal growth energy was studied. The most optimal dosage of a new feed additive in their rations was revealed, which constituted 5 mg / kg of the animal live weight. It was established that the animals from the first experimental group, who received silicon-containing feed additives of this amount digested the nutrients of the diet better than their counterparts from the other groups. Compared to the control group, the digestibility of dry matter increased by 3.62% (p<0.05), organic matter by 3.29% (p<0.01), crude protein by 4.09% (p<0.001), fat by 4.30% (p<0.01), cellulose by 3.79% (p<0.01) and nitrogen-free extractives by 2.03% (p>0.05).Replacement gilts of the first experimental group, who were given Energosil in the amount of 5 mg / kg body weight in addition to the basic ration, retained nitrogen in their bodies by 17.1%, calcium by 55.9% and phosphorus by 69.7% more than their counterparts from the control group. It contributed to an increase in body weight of gilts from the first group compared to control counterparts by 10.8%. Increased dosages of Energosil (7.5 and 10 mg / kg body weight) also had a better effect on the growth energy of gilts compared with the control group. The feed additive in the amount of 7.5 mg kg of animal  live weight contributed to an increase in animal weight compared with control counterparts by 6.21 kg or 4.8% (p<0.05), with a third experimental group by 4.4 kg or by 3.4% (p<0.05). When given Energosil in the dosage of 10 mg/kg, the body weight of gilts from the third experimental group was higher by 1.81 kg or 1.4% (p> 0.05) compared with the control counterparts.

The article analyzes a number of the main aspects of industrial hunting control as a legal measure for providing protection and rational use of game resources and their habitats. The study was carried out on the basis of systemic approach using complex and historic methods, formal and logistic analyses, methods of classification, analogue, law simulation and legal interpretation. The article gives the classification of hunting control as a separate direction of environmental control  and presents industrial hunting control as a kind of non-state  hunting management. Historic conditions and reasons for introduction of industrial hunting control into the system of environment protection in Russia are shown. The definition of the concept « industrial hunting control» is proposed and specific features of this process are pointed out. One of these features is the focus on the conservation, reproduction and rational use of game resources through detecting, preventing and restraint of violation of regulatory requirements of hunting and game resources conservation law. The next specific is giving authoritative powers characteristic of state hunting supervision bodies to hunting providers. Industrial hunting control also features mixed, external and internal nature that means the ability of its implementation with regard to both individuals and organizations irrespective of hunting providers and workers and subdivisions of long-term hunting providers. The principles of industrial hunting control development have been outlined and current need for their special legitimization in the law of hunting and game resources conservation is shown. The proposed system of principles can become the basis for solving scientific and practical problems of industrial hunting control, ensuring consistency and stability of legal regulation in this area.

The analysis of equipment for basic boardless plowing and surface tillage revealed the absence in the market of agricultural machinery of multifunctional units capable of reliable and efficient performing both types of tillage by means of one machine. The constructive-technological scheme is offered and the basic model of the unit with replaceable working bodies is developed: flat hoes for performance of the basic processing of soil at 14-25 сm with the creation of a mulch layer and cultivator hoes for carrying out the surface and shallow tillage at 5-14 cm. To assess the effectiveness of the basic model of the unit in 2018 in field conditions a research was carried out, during which the main agrotechnical indicators of the quality of soil treatment were determined. Studies have shown that the degree of crumbling of the soil at the basic boardless plowing of sod-podzolic medium loamy soil at a speed of more than 6.5 km/h exceeded 80 %.  For shallow tillage to a depth of 12 cm  in the range  of operating speeds above 7.0 km/h the amount of a soil fraction up to 25 mm was not less than 70 %. The unit stably sustains the working coverage width and the installation depth of tillage. The variant of the unit with a set of working bodies for the basic boardless plowing in the entire range of operating speeds provides an average tillage depth of 19.5-21.0 cm at an installation depth of 20 cm, with working bodies for shallow tillage - of 11.5-12.0 cm at an installation depth of 12 cm. The height of roughness of the field surface after the basic boardless plowing was 20.7-23.0 mm, for shallow tillage – 12.5-17.0 mm. The results of the research showed that the basic model of the multifunctional unit can perform the basic boardless plowing and shallow tillage in compliance with the basic agrotechnical requirements without the use of replaceable adapters for additional tillage of the top layer of soil. The use of additional working bodies will make it possible to form more highly specialized versions of the machine based on the basic model of the unit.

In the southern regions of Russia, the technology of cultivation of grain crops in the variant of partial sowing has been widely used. In this regard, it became necessary to create effective working bodies of a stubble cultivator that would have fundamentally new resource-saving ways of influencing the area under cultivating and meet the requirements of modern advanced technologies. The shapes of the working bodies surfaces of the cultivators were improved taking into account the mechanic-bionic approach. The main parameters of the toothed cutting surface were determined by the method of bionic comparisons, with a scarab beetle as a bionic prototype. Use of the serrated shape of the cutting edge is consistent with the bionic principle of multi-contact exposure and leads to the fact that the tops of the teeth become stress concentrators and, with a significantly smaller indentation force, cause soil destruction processes, which reduces the energy costs of cutting the soil layer. The optimal curvilinear shape of the working surface made in the form of a logarithmic spiral, is characterized by a constant value of the angle between the normal and the radius vector, and the value of this angle, equal to the angle of internal friction of the soil φ2, will ensure the sliding of the soil and plant residues with minimal energy consumption. The number (n = 4), height (h = 5...7 mm) and tooth placement step (S = 10...12 mm) of the bit tip of the stubble cultivator are analytically justified. The shape of the profile of the working surface of the stubble cultivator bit in the form of a logarithmic spiral with a variable angle of crumbling is proposed. The studies were conducted in the period from September to October 2018 in the soil channel of the research Laboratory of Bionic Agroengineering of the Department of Mechanization and Technical Service in Agro-Industrial Complex. They have shown the decrease in the traction resistance of the proposed working body of the stubble cultivator by 16.5% in comparison with the traction resistance of the serial sample.

The article introduces the concept of «smart» farm as a tool for decision making support and provides the requirements necessary for its functioning. The aim of the research is the development of the concept of “smart” farm using modern system approach and intellectual technologies of biomachine systems. The conditions influencing the “smart” dairy farm operation according to V.P. Goryachkin, P.K. Anokhin and YA. Gulsen are outlined. The structure of management on a dairy farm in the form of the expanded ergatic system is presented. The problems associated with the uncertainty of subjective nature (lack of sufficient information) on the dairy farm are formulated and the ways of solving these problems are given. The priority areas and projects for the development of a «smart» dairy farm are outlined. They should provide reduction in labor intensity of all operations on a farm and 2-2.5 times increase in productive longevity of cows. The technology of optimization of feeding processes on the farm leading to 1.5-2 times rise in digestibility as compared to traditional methods is introduced. A non-contact hardware and software complex of video and digital identification of udder and joint diseases in cows is shown. It should lead to decrease in mastitis disease rate in cows.