Listeria (L.) monocytogenes is an intracellular food pathogen that causes listeriosis in mammals in the form of sporadic cases or large outbreaks with a high mortality rate among humans and domestic ruminants. The determination of the sequence type (ST) and the clonal complex (CC) by multilocus sequencing (MLST) and other methods in L. monocytogenes strains from different sources allowed us to establish the existence of strains with organ tropism and causing forms of listeriosis common to humans and ruminants. The purpose of the review was to generalize the available data on the distribution and genotypic diversity of L. monocytogenes strains isolated during neurolisteriosis and abortions, their adaptation in the environment to determine a possible link between listeriosis of ruminants and humans. In general, the analysis of the differential distribution of STs/CCs of L. monocytogenes associated with humans and ruminants showed their significant variation, as well as the predominance of CCs (CC1, CC2, CC4, CC6, CC7, CC8, CC14, CC29, CC37, etc.) common to the studied host groups. Neurolisterioses in humans are mainly associated with hypervirulent CC1, CC6, CC4, CC2, in ruminants - CC1 and CC4, as well as CC8-16 and CC412. A special association of ST1 (CC1) with human and bovine neurolisteriosis has been determined, indicating increased neurotropism of ST1. In small ruminants (goats, sheep), neurolisterioses are associated with various STs from phylogenetic lineages I and II. Most of L. monocytogenes strains isolated from abortions belonged to CC1, CC2, CC4, CC6, CC7, CC14 in humans and CC1, CC6, CC4-217, CC37 in ruminants. The detection of common isolates CC1, CC4-CC217, CC6, CC18, CC37 in ruminants and in their natural environment indicates that the farm environment is a reservoir for L. monocytogenes strains. In the Russian Federation, the prevalence of SТ7 isolates among all types of sources obtained on the territory of the country was noted. Future research should be aimed at studying the pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes strains with an increased tendency to cause diseases in humans and ruminants for better understanding the mechanisms of infection and strengthening the control over the spread of the pathogen in various ecological niches. 

The application of information-entropy analysis on real data is shown: 84 bulls of Jersey (n = 10), Ayrshire (n = 10), red Danish (n = 10), red Swedish (n = 9) breeds and Holstein ecotypes of German (n = 13), Dutch (n = 17) and North American (n = 15) breeding genotyped by 11 microsatellite loci. The Shannon information index for the combined breed samples was 1.695, the weighted average for the samples was 1.325, the inter-sample component (SHAP) was 0.370 nits or 21.8 % (all calculations according to GenAlEx 6.502). The total absolute diversity of Shannon was 5.45, averaged by samples – 3.76 effective alleles per locus, between breeds – 1.45 effective samples. The relative estimate of the differentiation of breed samples (D'β) was 36.2 % and was close to the «traditional» estimates for Hedrick, Jost and Ciao. The influence of within samples heterozygosity on SHAP estimates has not been established, but a positive trend of D'β-estimates has been noted. The matrix of paired genetic distances by breeds (D'β) and its 2D projection had a high correspondence with those by GST(NEI)-, FST(W&C)-, G"ST(HED)-, F'ST(W&C)-, DJOST-, DCHAO-measures (RMantel ≥ 0,94). Fixation indices (GST(NEI) and FST(W&C)) should be used to study the evolutionary stories of subdivided populations. To analyze the current structure of the genetic diversity of (sub)populations with an emphasis on dominant allele measures based on heterozygosity (G'ST(HED), F'ST(W&C), DJOST and DCHAO), if necessary, take into account all alleles – the Shannon measure (D'β). In conclusion, a family of Hill power measures of order q = 0, 1, 2 is considered for constructing diversity profiles containing all information about the distribution of alleles in a population. 

In 2015-2018 in the conditions of the Omsk region, a comprehensive assessment of the promising breeding material of soft spring wheat was carried out. A mid-ripening variety of soft spring wheat Omskaya 44 with a complex of adaptivevaluable properties and traits for cultivation in the forest-steppe zone of the Omsk region has been prepared for the state variety testing. Variety Omskaya 44 created by the method of intraspecific hybridization and directional individual selection from the hybrid population Lutescens 248/97-11 x Omskaya 38 (k-65566, Russia) was sent for the State Variety Testing carried out in 9, 10 and 11 regions of the Russian Federation in 2019. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the results of various types of tests of a new variety of soft spring wheat Omskaya 44 in the conditions of the Omsk region. The variety is high-yielding, of mid-season type, the growing season is 88 days, the average yield over the years of research in competitive variety testing is 4.47 t/ha, which exceeds the standard variety Duet by 1.51 t/ha (LSD₀₅ = 0.33 t/ha), the maximum yield is 5.69 t/ha. The results of the production test showed that when sowing fallow, in 2018-2021 the yield was 4.65 t/ha on the average, for the standard variety Duet - 3.02 t/ha (LSD₀₅ = 0.29 t/ha), after cereals − 3.43 t/ha, for the standard variety − 2.67 t/ha (LSD₀₅ = 0.27 t/ha). The new variety Omskaya 44 significantly exceeded the Duet standard and the best variety in the forest-steppe zone Omskaya 38 in terms of yield. The parameters of ecological plasticity of the new variety have been studied: linearity regression coefficient b_i = 1.13, stability factor s_d² = 0.25. The basic components of commercial value of the new variety Omskaya 44 are high and stable yield, resistance to leaf diseases and the formation of high-quality grain at the level of strong wheat. In 2021 the variety Omskaya 44 was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements approved for use in the forest-steppe zone of the Omsk region. 

High profitability of linseed flax production is an incentive for developing new varieties with high yield performance and for expansion of cultivation areas. The restricted genetic diversity of Linum usitatissimum L. due to selfpollination and of initial forms used by developing the new linseed flax varieties limits the efficiency of the breeding work. The purpose of the research was to determine the genetic structure of linseed flax varieties using a system of 10 microsatellite loci. Four varieties bred by the V. S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops were used as the research material. DNA was isolated by the CTAB method. Electrophoretic separation of amplicons was performed in 8 % polyacrylamide gel followed by ethidium bromide staining. The determination of the main indicators of genetic variability, analyzed molecular variance (AMOVA), the Wright F-statistics indicators, and the principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) was carried out using the GenAlEx 6.5 program. A total of 53 alleles have been identified. The main indicators of genetic diversity were calculated for each variety. According to statistical characteristics (Na, Ne, I, F), the variety Nilin is the source of the greatest genetic diversity. For all varieties, the ratio of expected heterozygosity (He) and observed heterozygosity (Ho) corresponds to inbred populations with a minimum proportion of random crossing. By the allelic state of the 10 SSR loci, the variety Snegurok belongs to the linear type, which corresponds to its origin. The genetic passport of this variety has been compiled according to these loci. According to the results of the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), 71 % of the total dispersion is due to genetic differences between the varieties, and 29 % is due to intra-varietal differences. 

The paper presents the results of 2018-2020 research on the study of 248 Russian and foreign varieties of the collection of common hop (Humulus lupulus L.) in order to identify promising ones with a complex of agronomic traits for developing new varieties adapted to the natural and climatic conditions of the hop-growing regions of the Russian Federation. The research was carried out in the conditions of the Chuvash Republic on dark gray forest heavy loamy soil. Sixty hop varieties in the early-ripening, mid-early and mid-ripening groups with the yields above 26.3 c/ha (weighing more than 3.5 kg of raw cones from one bush) were identified. High-yielding varieties prevailed in the mid-ripening group of the collection (67 %). The adaptability of the collection varieties to natural and climatic conditions was evaluated on the third, fourth and fifth years of the hop plantings (in three tabs). There have been identified six varieties, which in some years of growing exceeded the control variety Podvyazny according to adaptability coefficients (1.23-1.23-1.15): early-ripening English variety Golden Star (1.58-1.37-1.03); mid-early Russian variety Zvenigovsky (1.72-1.16-1.07); mid-ripening Russian variety Serebryanka Kalistovskaya (1.47-1.28-1.17), Guslitsky (1.50-1.26-1.23), Ukrainian Kruglyak-Seryak (1.76-1.44-1.18), Group 4 (1.80-1.80-1.31). The most consistently high results were shown by Group 4, Guslitsky, Kruglyak-Seryak. High-resinous varieties with a high content of alpha acids belonging to different types of hops were noted specifically. According to the complex of agronomic traits and resistance to false powdery mildew, 19 collection varieties have been identified. 

The article presents the results of comparative assessment of soybean breeding lines of the northern ecotype for selection of the most promising ones for developing forage varieties suited for cultivation in mixed crops. The studies were carried out in 2018-2021 in the conditions of the Chuvash Republic on gray forest heavy loamy soil. The experiment included four soybean lines in comparison with the SibNIIK 315 standard recommended for growing in the Volga-Vyatka region. The crops were evaluated according to the dynamics of accumulation of aboveground biomass during the phases of formation and filling of beans. Based on the results of a 4-year observation period, correlations between the productivity of soybean lines of the northern ecotype with weather factors have been established. It has been revealed that the yield of aboveground mass during the phases of formation and filling of beans depended mostly on atmospheric precipitation (r = -0.49…-0.86). It has been established, that breeding lines No. 314 and No. 320 of middle early and mid-season ripening period had rather high productivity. The yield of green mass in single-crop sowings was 39.7 t/hа in line No. 314 and 36.7 t/hа in line No. 320 that 1.5 times exceeded the standard variety. The selected lines are worth noting and according to bush architectonics are rather high (90- 91 cm), foliate (46-44 %), branched, nutate plants. 

Cultivation of grain legumes including blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) is an important reserve for increase of high protein feed production. The aim of the research is to find perspective blue lupin varieties and accessions according to yield, adaptivity, the duration of vegetation period and biochemical indices in south-western area of the Central part of Russia. In 2019-2021 six blue lupin varieties and four accessions developed in the All-Russian Lupin Scientific Research Institute have been tested in competitive variety trial (Vityas was standard variety). The trials were laid on sod-podzolic, loamy soil with the moderate fertility level. The average grain yield of varieties in the trial was 2.07 t/ha, of standard variety – 1.85 t/ha. The varieties Bryansky kormovoy, Uzkolistny 53 and accessions BSv 51-19, USN 53-236 and SBS 56-15 had the highest grain yield. Their grain productivity varied from 2.17 to 2.29 t/ha. Statistically significant increase to the standard was 0.32-0.44 t/ha. The accessions BSv 51-19 and USN 53-236 had the maximum grain yield by adaptivity coefficient of 110%. According to the green mass yield and adaptivity Bryansky kormovoy and new promising accessions SBS 56-15, USN 53-236 and BSv 51-19 have been noted: the increase to the standard according to the green mass yield was 5.0-7.0 t/ha, the adaptivity coefficient was 104-110%. By the duration of vegetation period (80-89 days) all varieties and accessions were included into the group of early-ripening. The new tall variety Belorozovy 144 had the longest vegetation period (89 days). According to the alkaloid content in the grain (0.031-0.063 %) all tested varieties and accessions were included into the low-alkaloid group. The varieties Smena, Uzkolistny 53 and the accession SBS 56-15 were characterized by stable low index (0.031-0.039 %). The content of raw protein in the seeds of tested varieties and accessions of blue lupin varied in the range of 32.0-33.8%. According to the set of positive traits, Bryansky kormovoy variety and accessions USN 53-236 and SBS 56-15 have been noted. 

Yield monitoring of a five-component grass stand in a breeding field within a moraine hill was carried out in 2003- 2018 in order to find patterns of its dynamics in the agrolandscape. The grass was used in the conditions of the Tver region without fertilizers in a single-cut mode in a field crossing all microlandscape positions of the hill (transcct) and divided into 30 plots. Annual data on productivity of grass mixture on each plot are presented in the form of: 1) absolute yield (specific hay yield); 2) relative yield (expressed as a percentage to maximum yield on a transect in a definite year). It was revealed that the yield of grasses is maximum in the central parts (≈ 6.5 t/ha) and minimal in the upper parts of the hillsides and at the top (≈ 5.2 t/ha). Time variability of yield depends on the geological structure of the soils ‒ increases with the transition from powerful binomials (≈ 40 %) to low-powerful ones (≈ 65 %). Correlation analysis showed that the transition to relative units (% of the yield) can significantly reduce the impact of climate on data variability. The maximum coincidence of temporal dynamics of different yield indicators is noted at the upper elevations ‒ here climatic conditions do not have a significant impact on the yield, as on slopes. Changes in the sum of the active temperatures have the greatest influence on the yield. Average indicators of correlation coefficients of yield and temperature sums are negative on the plots of soil distribution on powerful and medium-powerful binomials and positive on soils of low-powerful binomials. There has been found an inversely proportional dependence of the absolute yield of grasses on the sums of active temperatures in the pre-cut periods and in September and directly proportional in the second half of summer. Increasing the sum of temperatures contributes to a decrease in relative yields on sandy soils and optimizes the production process on loams and light loams. Dispersion analysis has shown that the main influence of temperatures on absolute yield is exerted by soil hydromorphism. The degree of impact of temperatures on relative yield depends on the nature of water exchange in the agrolandscape, the exposure of slopes (energy) and granulometric composition of soils. The results will make it possible to adapt measures for the placement of grass stands, regulation of water and thermal regimes of soils to farm conditions. 

In the conditions of Kirov region (2017-2021), 67 varieties of spring soft wheat were studied according to the degree of resistance to Septoria leaf blotch in the field against the background of the natural development of infection. Under laboratory conditions, the reaction of these wheat varieties to the pathogen was evaluated at the beginning of plant ontogenesis (juvenile resistance) in two experiments: assessment in the development phase of 2-3 leaves (roll culture) and evaluation of a trait on cut-off leaves. For inoculation of plants, local strains of Р. nodorum were used. They were isolated from the affected leaves of spring soft wheat in the phase of milk-wax ripeness. All isolates have been identified by PCR as belonging to the species of Р. nodorum. The validity of using laboratory methods of plant inoculation by Р. nodorum for mass assessment of the gene pool and purposeful search for wheat genotypes resistant to Septoria is based on a reliable (at P≥0.95) correlation (r = 0.57) of resistance at the beginning of ontogenesis and in adult plants. Varieties belonging to one and the same groups in terms of resistance and susceptibility have an even closer relationship (r = 0.69; r = 0.71). It has been established that with an increase in the degree of affection at the beginning of ontogenesis, the biomass of the plant significantly (r = -0.68) decreases, on average by 28 % in the assortment. Of particular interest for breeding of spring wheat are varieties with the most favorable combination of low infection rate and resistance to Septoria leaf blotch during ontogenesis. These varieties include: Turinskaya, Egisar 29 (Russia), Mian Yong No.1, Yan Shi 4, Jin Mai 71 (China), SSL 25-26, SSL 84-85, UL Alta Blanca (USA). 

The studies were carried out in order to identify the responsiveness of five varieties of spring wheat to the variants with applying mineral fertilizers and to study the specific features of the formation of elements of the yield structure. The work was carried out in 2019-2021 on dark gray forest heavy loamy soil in the Ryazan region. The experiment scheme was: N0P0K0 (control); N₆₄P₆₄K₆₄; N₆₄P₆₄K₆₄ + N₃₀; N₆₄P₆₄K₆₄ + N₃₀+ N₁₅. Over the years of the research, the yield in the experiment varied from 2.45 to 5.57 t/ha, depending on the growing conditions, mineral fertilizers and variety. The use of the mineral background N₆₄P₆₄K₆₄ contributed to a significant increase in the productivity of varieties by 1.02-1.69 t/ha. The most responsive to the improvement of the background of mineral nutrition were varieties Maestro, Arsey and Agata, the yield increased by 48, 42 and 39 %, respectively, in comparison with the control. All varieties, with the exception of Maestro, reacted positively to nitrogen fertilization in the tillering phase (N30), increasing the yield by 0.48-0.62 t/ha. The supplementary nitrogen of RIMA, Lada, and Agata varieties was used in the best way; the addition of N₆₄P₆₄K₆₄ to the background was 15, 12, and 11 %, respectively. It was revealed that under the influence of additional nitrogen (N30) in varieties, the plant stand increased by 7.3-11.2 %, the number of spikelets – by 1.3-4.7 %, the number of grains ‒ by 0.3-12.3 %, grain weight per ear ‒ by 0.9-21.4 %. The use of the second fertilizing with nitrogen in the booting phase (N15) led to a decrease in productivity, especially in Lada and Arsey varieties ‒ by 7.9-9.5 %. Variety Maestro proved to be indifferent to nitrogen fertilizing. The data obtained will be used in the adjustment of varietal technologies for the cultivation of spring wheat. 

The article analyzes the problems of territorial hunting management in the Russian Federation. The subjects of the analysis were regulations of federal legal acts controlling the organization and conduct of strategic planning in the Russian Federation, the organization and conduct of territorial hunting management, as well as 60 approved and publicly available schemes for the placement, use and protection of hunting resources on the territory of the subject of the Russian Federation. During the study there were used general scientific research methods, as well as formal-legal, comparative-legal, technical-legal research methods and the method of legal modeling. It is shown that there are a number of systemic problems of state management of the hunting sphere and the storage of hunting resources that negatively affect the regional strategic planning of hunting nature management. Examples of typical and reproducible in different variations in the regions defects of regional hunting planning are given. A set of measures to improve the organizational and legal mechanism of territorial hunting management is proposed: firstly, the author substantiates the need to compile such documents only within the framework of scientific research; secondly, the expediency of fixing the regulations on the presence of elements of adaptive management in the documents of territorial hunting management at the federal level is shown; thirdly, the need for mandatory public and professional discussion of the draft document of territorial hunting management at the stage of acceptance of work is indicated; fourthly, it is recommended to increase the level of involvement of hunters, hunting users and other interested parties in the field of hunting nature management into the process of approving and implementing sectoral development plans, including by granting full powers to state authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the formation of a regional component of hunting agreements. 

The subject for the research was Phytoadditive containing extracts from herbs: Rhaponticum carthamoides, Serratula coronata, Filipendula ulmaria. There has been studied the effect of Phytoadditive on biochemical parameters of blood (total protein, albumins, aminotransferases, urea, total cholesterol, reserve alkalinity, calcium), indicators of milk fat, protein and average daily milk yield of lactating cows at the age of 3 years, which were divided into experimental (Phytoadditive + basic diet) and control (basic diet only) groups of 10 animals per group. Phytoadditive in powder form was administered individually to the diet of animals of the experimental group daily, once at a dose of 10 grams per head per day during 90 days. Analysis of Phytoadditive for the presence of biologically active substances showed that the major compounds in it are ecdysteroids (mainly hydroxyecdysone) and flavonoids (rutin) in a total concentration of 13.5 g/kg. At the end of the experiment in cows of the experimental group, in comparison with the initial indicators, significantly (p < 0.05) increased the amount of albumin by 16.7 % (up to 45.3±2.4 g/l), calcium by 21.7 % (2.3±0.01-2.8±0.02 mmol/l). Other studied markers of the biochemical status did not change significantly (p> 0.05) and after the final blood test they were: aminotransferases (AST − 30.1±1.2 U/l, ALT − 35.0±2.8 U/l), urea (5.9±0.1 mmol / l), reserve alkalinity (20.2±2.6 vol.% CO2), cholesterol (2.8±0.1 mmol/l). All studied blood parameters did not go beyond the reference values throughout the experiment, which indicated the absence of any negative properties of Phytoadditive. At the end of the experiment, the milk indicators of cows in the experimental group had the following values: milk yield (19±0.2 kg), fat (4.3±0.4 %), protein (3.3±0.1 %), which exceeded the result in control by 5.5 %; 0.1 and 0.2 %, and in comparison with the beginning of the experiment by 18.7 %, 0.6 and 0.2 %, respectively. Thus, as the result of use of Phytoadditives in cows during lactation, a positive trend was noted in terms of its effect on milk yield, milk quality and the absence of any negative effect on the studied blood parameters. 

The development of ecological agriculture has aroused interest to the technology of increasing the productivity of natural forage lands, which consists in strip sowing of grasses with mechanical tillage in the sod of strips, the size of which ensures the successful development of seedlings without the use of chemicals. Several models of seeders SDK have been developed and mass-produced to implement this technology. A further development of this type of machines is the creation of a mounted seeder SDK-2.8M, intended for direct strip sowing of grass seeds into sod with the application of a starting dose of mineral fertilizers. To evaluate the efficiency of the seeder SDK-2.8M in the autumn of 2022, stand and field tests were carried out in the fields of the North-East Federal Research Center. Stand tests on sowing seeds of meadow fescue and red clover showed that the range of gear ratios of the seeder from 0.104 to 0.900 allows to set the seeding rate in the interval of 2.5-140.4 kg/ha. The sowing part ensures uniform distribution of seeds over the feed rolls and the stability of sowing by each feed roll in accordance with agrotechnical requirements. The deviation of the actual seeding rate from preassigned (6.0 kg/ha) for sowing fescue is 2.6%, clover – 2.3%; uneven seeding between feed rolls for fescue – 3.61%, for clover – 5.36%; seeding instability for fescue – 4.83%, for clover – 6.03%. Field tests revealed that the seeder stably performs tillage and clover sowing, maintains the working width and the installation depth of tillage. The average tillage depth was equal to 68 mm, the crumbling of the soil (fraction up to 25 mm) – 85.1%, the average depth of seeding – 16.4 mm, density after rolling – 1.1 g/cm3 .The use of a frame of the original design made it possible to reduce the number of assembly units of the tillage part and auxiliary mechanisms, which reduced the mass of the seeder by 640 kg, in comparison with SDKP-2.8M, while maintaining agrotechnical performance indicators.