Well-studied initial material is necessary for successful solving of breeding tasks. Complex evaluation of accessions under varying climatic conditions promotes to choice sources having economic-valuable traits for breeding. Sixty-one accessions of naked oats including 18 accessions from China were studied in Kirov in 2010.2016. The most interesting for breeding are accessions having increased yield capacity and productivity: drought resistant accession 1h07 (Russia); high grain quality accessions 15120 Gosha (Belarus), 15192 Mina (Bulgaria); accessions from China k-3897 BYAS-156, k-3893 BYAS-160, k-3894 BYAS-159, k-3895 BYAS-158, k-3899 BYAS-154. Sources are selected having high level of yield structure (number of grains per panicle, grain weight per panicle): 15063 Sibirski golozerny, 15115 Aldan (Russia), 15086 MF 8891-2021(USA), 14937 NO 58-2 (Canada). Recruit of accessions 624h09 m. s., 99 R-27-4 (Russia), and 14851 Numbut (Australia) are urgent for breeding to early maturity. Fifteen sources of high grain quality (increased 1000 grain weight and protein content) are selected including accessions15224 MF 9521-19, 15095 MF 9521-28, 15158 MF 9224-359, 15086 MF 8891-2021, 15094 MF 9521247, 15162 MF 9521-214 (USA), к-2523 PZS-LIM-02 (China) which have others breeding-valuable traits (diseases resistance, low percentage of husked grains, increased oil content). They were recommended to use as paternal parent forms in crossing with high yielding adaptive varieties of local breeding. For breeding to decrease of husked grains percentage accessions k-3892 BYAS-161, k-3896 BYAS-157 (China) are of interest as they had 100% nakedness during all years of study.

Results of perennial breeding activity on creation of high-yield early variety Forsazh is presented in the article. Choice of parental components of crossing is based. Maternal variety Dina - early high-yielding resistant to complex of diseases, having high fodder value (protein content up to 19.8%) was created by hybridization followed with multiple individual selections from hybrid population Dzoz-502 (Ethiopia) x Domen (Norwey). Paternal variety was line 855-91. Its high productivity and good quality of grain is conditioned by existing in its genealogy such varieties as Hiproly (USA) - donor of high content of protein and lysine in grain, and Viner (Russia) created by individual selection from local barley of former Vyatka province and had is characteristic as high plastic, tolerant to high soil acidity, to spring drought and high temperatures during grain ripening. Crossing varieties Dina and 855-91 was directed to creation of genotype adaptive to stress conditions of the region, combining high productivity and earliness. As a result, new spring barley variety Forsazh was created and passed to State test. The variety forms productivity up to 5.71 t/ha exceeds standard variety by 0.21...1.43 t/ha. Forsazh has the same earliness as Dina. It has large-size grain having good technological properties: 1000 grain mass is 44... 51 g, test weight - 697 g/l, huskiness - 7.9%, content of protein in grain - 11.1%, extractivity - 77.7%. Under natural field condition, the variety has low defeat with dust smut (up to 1.0%). At artificial contamination& the variety was sensitive to this disease. Forsazh is characterized with moderate resistance to root rot in the beginning of ontogenesis and high resistance to spot blotch both in the beginning and in the end of growth season.

Results of estimation of resistance level and adaptive potential of pea varieties against aschochyta blight in infectious background under varying weather conditions for 2013-2016 (HTC from 0.70 up to 1.61). Two hundred and eighty two varieties of pea of domestic and foreign breeding were analysed. During investigation period 11.8% of varieties had resistance to black-spot aschochytosis estimated by beans, and 5.0% - to light-spot one. Resistance of beans and high resistance of seeds to light-spot aschochytosis (Е-182, Д-23417, and Е-3767) and dark-spot aschochytosis (Verkholuzskaya, Е-413, Е-3588, Е-3923, and Е-3598) was revealed. This trait was more stable in varieties Stabil (V = 14.9%), Е-3923 (V = 25.1%), D-23417 (V = 44.1%), and Е-3767 (V = 45.1%). These varieties may be used in breeding as sources of resistance to disease. Most part of varieties selected by resistance to aschochytosis belongs to intensive type varieties (b_i>1). Varieties Ryabchik, Е-246, Valleg Fanndation, and D-23417 weakly react to change of environmental factors (b_i<1). In conditions of artificial epiphytoty field pea varieties Е-3598, Е-3767, and D-22596 as well as varieties of garden pea Е-3542, Е-3541, and Е-495 significantly exceed varieties Ryabchik and Krasnoufimsky on yield capacity. Higher stability of the trait in marked in varieties Е-3767 (PUSS = 359.3), Е-3598 (PUSS = 323.2), Е-3542 (PUSS = 216.4), Е-3541 (PUSS = 287.6), and Е-246 (PUSS = 389.5). Varieties Е-3767, Е-246, and Е-3796 had stability and high homeostatics (Hom = 26.0, 25.9, and 10.7 correspondly), i.e. had genetic mechanism able to resist to unfavorable environmental factors. Pea varieties selected in infectious background may be used in breeding for resistance to diseasу and high stable productivity.

The article presents the summarized results of long-time research, the implementation of which will improve the efficiency of meadow fodder production. On the basis of a new methodological approach the scientific substantiation of production and environment-forming role of grazing and mowing agrophytocenosis today was given. The possibility of increasing the efficiency of human-induced costs by the use of biological function factor was shown: longevity perennial grasses, energy-saving techniques to increase soil fertility through the sod process, mobilization of nitrogen fixation by symbiotic, physiological energies grazed animals and other reserves. Recommended energy- and resource-grazing and haying technology with many years (over 60 years) duration of use provides production of 6.6-6.9 thousand feed units/ha at reducing anthropogenic nonrenewable costs and capital investments reseeding up to 10 times or more. On the basis of experimental data it was established stable productivity of pasture grasses that are formed on perennial ryegrass, cocksfoot and meadow grass (69 and 62 kg/ha) at productivity (in eated feed) 5.4 thousand feed units/ha, cost - 405 rubles / 100 food units. The results of long-time (23 years) research on intensity (3 mowings per season) using of cereal grass stands is presented. Recommended technology provides high (up to 6.8 thousand food nitsu) productivity and production of high quality herbal raw materials containing 0.80 feed units per 1 kg of dry matter. The concrete indicators for environment-forming role of meadow agroecosystems with long-time use of phytocenoses (60 years) on formation of underground mass and change in soil fertility. Structure of the evaluation methodology of estimation of gross energy production with meadow agrosistemy and presents experimental data defining the leading role of factors ensuring high return on man-made energy were presented.

According to the materials of 2015 expeditionary soil approbation the key areas, located on the accumulative relief forms are revealed in the Udmurt Republic. Complex observations were taken in arable land, fallow land, and forest. It was found that soil type and period of arable land overgrowing have an impact on the direction and intensity change of agrophysical properties of soils at deriving them from agricultural use. Changes in agrophysical soil properties concerned only the upper part of the profile (arable layer and subsoil). It was shown that the overgrowing of agro-sod-podzolic soils in the taiga-forest zone leads inevitably to the differentiation of arable layer into two sublayers. Sod process of soil formation is putted on its upper part, which causes the reduction of soil density from 1.33 up to 1.15 g/cm³ and significant improvement in the structural state of this sublayer (structural coefficient has increased by 4-10 times). Zonal podzolic process begins to put in bottom part of arable layer and therefore structural coefficient remains at the same low level. The maximum degree of differentiation was observed in fallow with a very long period of overgrowing (20 years and over). According to these indicators fallow land had only little differences from its virgin counterpart. Agro-gray soils in contrast to agro-sod-podzolic characterized by a lower density of arable layer, had better soil pedality and not so sharp differentiation on sublayers on these indicators. The parameters of change in agrophysical soil properties depending on the term of overgrowing were revealed. Change in these parameters confirmed the possibility of division of time arable land overgrowing into three periods: the first period - up to 10 years; second - 10-20 years; third - more than 20 years.

Results of researches in long-time stationary experiment on sod-podzolic middle clay soil formed on eluvia of Perm clays are presented in the article. Spring wheat Svecha was cultivated on a layer of clover of first year of use. Scheme of the experiment includes 54 variants. A range of fertilizers doses varied from 30 up to 150 kg of acting matter of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. When doses of fertilizers increased productivity of spring wheat increased too; however, addition of yield decreased at each subsequent dose. Grain productivity of spring wheat Svecha was defined basically by application of nitric and phosphoric fertilizers and to a lesser degree - by potash. The greatest productivity is received at entering of full mineral fertilizer dose Ж0Р60К60 which has provided productivity of 3.27 t/ha that is 1.7 times high than without fertilizers. At this rate wheat production is most profitable at self-recoupment 3509 rubles per ton of grain. The greatest recoupment of 1 kg of fertilizers' acting matter by the basic production is received in variants with low doses of nitric and phosphoric fertilizers: N60 - 13.7 kg, Р60 - 11.7 kg, Ш0Р60 -10.8 kg of grain; the least one - of potash fertilizers: К60 - 3.0, К120 - 2.7 kg. Each increase in fertilizers doses led to decrease in a recoupment of grain of spring wheat; in a variant with the maximum dose Ш50Р150К150 - up to 2.9 kg. The size of a recoupment of fertilizers with grain is defined also by conditions of humidifying of the growing season. The least recoupment is noted in droughty 2016. Test weight of grain of spring wheat depended mainly on weather conditions of growing season and harvesting period. Input of mineral fertilizers does not influence on test weight. Bread from spring wheat flour has sufficient quality which does not governed by dozes of fertilizers.

For the purpose of an assessment of transformation of a phosphatic condition of the light gray forest soil under action of afteralcohol grains in the laboratory of the department of agrochemistry and agroecology of the Nizhny Novgorod SAA carried out an experiment by laying the model experience. As the studied factor are taken increasing doses of afteralcohol grains which in production conditions conventionally correspond to doses of 50, 100, 150 and 200 m³/ha. The fractional composition of phosphates in the soil was determined right after laying of experience, and then every 2 week for 3 months. As the object of research used waste produced in the technological cycle of "Distillery" Chugunovsky" Vorotynsky district of Nizhny Novgorod, containing in the structure 3,7% of solid, 0,44% of nitrogen, 0,06% of phosphorus and 0,12% of potassium. During researches it is established that with increase in a dose of afteralcohol grains making the absolute content and a share of organic phosphorus in relation to gross increases. The total of mineral phosphates on the fertilized options is higher, than on control, however their individual share in the general reserves of phosphorus at increase in a dose of afteralcohol grains decreases by 3%. The sum of phosphates of all groups at introduction of the increasing doses afteralcohol grains an comparison with control option increases - by the end of experience their contents on option with the maximum dose of afteralcohol grains in comparison with control option increases from 35 up to 42%. At the same time it is noted that increase of content of phosphates is reached due to increase in amount of less valuable phosphates of iron and aluminum in the agronomical relation. The unidirectional tendencies in dynamics of a phosphatic condition of the soil during the studied period aren't revealed. Use of high doses of afteralcohol grains promotes essential (to 50%) to increase of fosfatazny activity of the soil.

The main condition for the prevention of diseases in calves in early postnatal period is the formation of an optimal immunological status of cows-mothers, provision of colostral immunity and colonization resistance of mucous membranes in newborn calves. Methods of prevention of gastro-intestinal diseases should be based on the key provisions on the system “mother-fetus-newborn”. Our methods includes improving the immune status of different age groups of cattle population united in the system “mother-fetus-newborn” and consists of two stages. In the first stage pregnant cows three months before calving are given the remedy “Immoveton-Ks” at a dose 0f 52.5 mg/kg BW. Then 2 months before calving cows are immunized with vaccine “Hiprobovis-4” at a dose of 3 ml with a booster after 21-30 days. In the second stage newborn calves are given combination of some remedies: “Immoveton-Ks” intramuscularly or subcutaneously at a dose of 52.5 mg /kg BW once daily on day 1, 2 and 7 of life; fermented milk product “EM-Kurunga” orally at a dose of 150 ml from the second day of life 3 times a day for 10 days; Multivitamin + Minerals intramuscularly at a single dose of 1.5 ml on day 8 of life. It is established that immunization with the vaccine “Hiprobovis-4” against the background of correction of the immune status using “Immoveton-Ks” provides for the production of the greatest quantity of specific antibodies. This indicates pronounced stimulating effects of immunomodulator “Immoveton-Ks” on the formation of post-vaccination immunity. Preventive effectiveness of the proposed method on farms with high prevalence of gastrointestinal diseases of calves was 90.5%, the safety - 98.9%, average daily weight gain - 840g.

Materials of investigations on influence of phytobiotic preparations 'Provitol' and 'Mix-Oil' using as additional therapy at cure of non-specific gastroenteritis in weaner-piglets on structural-functional state of liver are presented in the article. The study was conducted on the base of farm 'Krasnoye znamya' Kumeny district of Kirov region on 60 animals of 45.60 day-old divided by four groups: 1-st group - clinically healthy animals; 2...4-th groups - animals having indications of non-specific gastroenteritis at background of standard cure (Amoxycillin intramusculary at a dose of 15 mg/kg, ones a day, for the 12 days). In 3 -rd and 4-th groups preparations 'Provitol' and 'Mix-Oil' were used accordingly. Blood samples were taken for biochemical assay at three experimental stages (45.60, 85.100 and 180.210 day-old animals). At animals' slaughter stage samples of viscera, in particular liver, were also taken for histological and morphometric assay. It was established that on background of phytobiotic preparation parameters of piglets' blood in 3-rd and 4-th groups had positive dynamics to normalization (decrease in total bilirubin by 15%, ALT activity - by 59%, and ACT activity - by 32%) in compare with animals which had no take these preparations. Histological pattern of the organ also confirms positive influence of the preparations. Normalization coefficient for liver parenchyma is 11.48±0.03 relative units in 3-rd group and 8.30±0.02 relative units - in 4-th group. Amount of 2-nuclea hepatocytes in animal groups cured with phytobiotic preparations was higher in 3-rd group (13.3±0.1%). Morpho-functional indexes of liver confirm that the preparations had positive effect on under-wall alimentary gland of animals; promote normalization of lever parenchyma in piglets, regeneration of organ's structure, and so - optimization of its function.

Epizootological situation in the Nonblack Soil Zone shows a trend towards an annual increase in fasciolosis prevalence - anthropo-zoohelminthosis of humans and animals. Potential risk increases of further deterioration of the situation concerning the geographical distribution of Fasciola hepatica which actively occupying new agricultural areas. One of the key elements in the complex of anti-fasciolosis measures is a pasture prophylaxis with use of environmentally friendly herbal remedies. Conducting larval deworming gives the greatest therapeutic and prophylactic effect as not only prevents the spread of invasion but also disease in animals. The aim of the present study was to reveal the trematocidal activity of the dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Wigg.) against larvae of the liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) which locate in digestive tract of definitive host before invasion. Researches were conducted in the laboratory of the FGBNU “NIVI NZ Russia” and on base farms of subzones of southern taiga and mixed forests of the Nizhny Novgorod region. Expressed trematocidal activity of the dandelion with intense effectiveness of 55.88% was revealed experimentally on the laboratory model (grey rabbits). It was estimated that reme- dies prepared from the herb of the dandelion belong to low toxic substances and do not cause collateral effects on non-target objects in particular on grazing farm animals and do not possess cumulative properties (K_n > 2.5). Because of good palatability the dandelion can be used in herbages as a valuable forage plant improving digestion, increasing appetite and enhancing lactation. At the same time the dandelion is an effective therapeutic feed additive with trematocidal effects with intense effectiveness of 55.88% on small bulls of black-motley breed.

It is possible to ensure the country's food security within hunting industry mostly by means of developing the market of food products of hunting industry as well as by increasing self-sustainment and self-employment of rural hunters. In order to improve the quality of nutrition it is important to obtain the diet containing foods of natural origin, which are rarely or never used. At present, state regulation of marketing products of hunting industry has a number of excessive administrative barriers at various stages of production and marketing. At the stage of production (harvesting game resources) there are excessive limitations on permissible tools and methods used. Therefore, we propose to introduce some changes in the existing legislation by repealing the ban on snaring hazel-grouse. At the stage of marketing products of hunting industry there are a number of administrative barriers associated with the rules of veterinary examination of slaughter animals and the rules of veterinary and sanitary expertise of meat and meat products and their marketing. It would be advisable to repeal the regulation on the necessity to get a veterinary certificate №2 for wildfowl to be sold outside an administrative district. Furthermore, it is necessary to repeal a discriminative regulation according to which individual amateur hunters have to sell their game harvest if it is not used for personal consumption - to enterprises specializing in purchasing products of hunting industry.

The basic approaches to modeling of technical service according to the actual state of the machine in order to optimize maintenance actions and cost reduction is examined in the article. Methods for evaluating the efficiency of machines functioning that allow to determine the quantitative characteristics of the parameters of its work during the operation, as well as to predict parametric reliability. One of the promising ways of increasing the efficiency of the service centers is the use of modern machinery diagnostic tools, namely continuous diagnostics. Based on the proposed method of assessing the effectiveness of the functioning of machines it was produced an assessment not only by the intrinsic properties of the most complex system, but taking into account the quality of its functioning, the quality of the task solving. Thus, maintenance of machinery condition can be characterized by an indication of defects, violation of their good working condition, as well as the quality of the operation, and refer to the details, nodes, or to the machine as a whole. Choosing the optimal strategy of technical service allows to achieve the best results due to the reorganization of the rules of operation without additional forces and resources. To solve the problem of a rational maintenance intervals a mathematical model was used that describes the evolution of the technical condition of the machine in time, taking into account the fluctuations of the parameters and random processes. Among technical service tasks it were onsidered indicators of quality of functioning of machines at continuous operation. To find the optimal strategy for such tasks it was proposed to use the minimax method. It was informed that the continuous monitoring of the parametric reliability of vehicles will optimize service intervals, as well as the use of technical methods of forecasting.Thus, the study of methods of increasing the reliability of equipment particularly important are tasks related to the assessment of its parametric reliability.

In preparing of seed material it is important not only to compliance with the requirements of GOST R 52325-2005 for seed quality, content of seeds of other species, impurities, germination, but also the selection adjusted, the most biologically high-grade fractions. The use of airflow is one of the most common and effective ways to clean seeds from impurities. Separation of seeds by airflow allows to allocate the seeds with higher germination ability compared to separation on sieves. In Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "NIISH Severo-Vostoka" the effect of separation seeds of naked oat by airflow on yield quality and crop capacity was studied. Seeds were separated into heavy, medium and light fractions in two passes by the separator SP-4U-P. Grain yield in average in 2008-2010 at sowing seeds of light fraction was lower than control by 0.1-0.2 t/ha. When sowing seeds of heavy and medium fractions grain yield increased compared to control near equal - by 0.2-0.3 t/ha. Thus it is noted good sprouts, and tillering plants three days earlier. In order to reduce the discounted costs of cleaning the seeds pneumatic separator SP-2F was developed which one devides seeds on I-st and II-nd grade, grain forage and waste in a single pass. Evaluation of the quality of work of the separator carried at cleaning of covered oat Sapsan with base values: content of seeds of the main crop 97.04%, crushed grain 0.15%, husked grains 0.18%, small and feeble grain 2.47%, seeds of other species 6 pcs./kg, 1000 seeds weight 41.28 g. After pneumo-separation purity and germination of the I-st grade seeds rose to values met category OS, II grade - up to category РС with acceptable losses in the waste. Isolation of heavy and medium seed fractions with use of pneumatic separators increases yield quality and crop capacity. Application of pneumatic separator SP-2F allows to get the I and II grade seeds in one pass, and reduce the discounted costs.

The most energy-intensive operation in cultivation of agricultural crops is a soil treatment, which spent up to 40% energy. Among the system of measures to reduce the energy intensity of tillers most important is the use of vibration of working bodies. Vibration of working bodies can be carried out using a forced drive. However, the energy costs of a forced drive to work sometimes exceed the energy costs of passive working bodies. Therefore, it is more appropriate to imparting elastic vibration tillage working bodies due to variable soil resistance in accordance with the phases of deformation and destruction of the soil. The most effective is a vibro-impact effects of the working body on the ground with the use of vibro-impact self-adjusting mechanisms. The object of theoretical study is selected construction of cultivators' paws on the resilient C-shaped stand, the upper part of which is designed as a helical coil spring with hemispherical strikers. When making parameters of vibro spring force action it was considered in view of the current soil resistance. In justifying the design parameters and operating conditions it were used theoretical methods and agricultural mechanics, continuum mechanics, elasticity theory, integral and differential calculus. Given the known forces of resistance to movement through the soil of cultivators paws with vibro-impact spring and sediment spring, taking into account the radius of hemispheric drummers on coils of vibro-impact springs theoretical dependences for definition of key parameters of vibro-impact springs were obtained: wire radius, the radius of the vibro-impact spring, and the number of its active coils. Taking into account the maximum permissible load vibro-impact spring should be used for the manufacture of spring wire. Vibro-impact spring will contribute to self-oscillation.