The article provides the results of studying the accessions of potato in the nursery of dynamic test for 2019-2021 in agro-ecological conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region (Kirov region) by the yield and starch content in tubers. The objects of the study were 10 hybrids bred by Falenki Breeding Station - branch of Federal Agricultural Research Center of the NorthEast named N. V. Rudnitsky (FARC North-East). Early variety Udacha (Russian Potato Research Centre), middle-early variety Nevsky (North-West Research Institute of Agriculture), mid-season variety Chaika (FARC North-East) were taken as standard. Promising potato hybrids of different maturity groups with high potential yield have been selected: early variety 172- 13 (24.1 t/ha), middle-early varieties 27-07 (22.7 t/ha), 179-10 (22.9 t/ha), 233-12 (24.0 t/ha), mid-season 232-12 (22.4 t/ha). By favorable agro-weather conditions (2019) the highest yield (more than 28.0 % t/ha) was developed by hybrids: early 172-13, middle-early 27-07 and 179-10, mid-season 580-13. In the unstable environment of 2020 and 2021 the following hybrids were noted: middle-early 233-12 (19.6 and 27.7 t/ha) and mid-season 232-12 (19.2 and 24.0 t/ha). In the group of middle-early varieties with high starch content (15 % and more) during the years of study there were selected the hybrids 27-07, 179-10, 72-13, 182-13. The maximum accumulation of starch (18-21 %) was noted in mid-season hybrid 580-13. Significantly high inter-seasonal correlations by yield on the 60th day from the planting have been established, that characterized all the varieties as the most stable. On the 80th day there were noted weak inter-seasonal correlations that proved the instability of this parameter during the years which differed in weather conditions (strong interaction “genotype-environment”, that is the yield of variety samples during this period depended on the effect of environment factors). High inter-seasonal correlations by the parameter “starch content” on the 80th day have been revealed. The varieties and hybrids by the time of complete ripeness preserved the stability by this indicator unlike early harvesting periods when they were more dependable on the fluctuations of environmental factors. 

The purpose of the research is to evaluate the influence of weather factors in 2016-2021 on the yield and quality of grain of 18 varieties and 28 lines of spring soft wheat of competitive variety trial in the conditions of forest-steppe of the Middle Volga (Penza region). To characterize the meteorological conditions, the average daily air temperatures, precipitation and hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) were taken. In the analysis of grain quality, the content of protein and gluten in the grain, as well as flour strength, quality indexes of the variety and farinograms of the dough were used. The result of the research stated the negative correlation between the yield and air temperature in June r = -0.518±0.128 («booting» phase), in August it was slightly weaker r = -0.342±0.141. Correlations of the yield with precipitation and HTC were positive. The average significant correlation of the yield was formed with precipitation and HTC in June: r = 0.509±0.130 and r = 0.552±0.126, respectively. A significant negative correlation was found between the yield and protein and gluten content in the grain: r = -0.758±0.098 and r = -0.782±0.094. The content of protein and gluten in the grain were almost functionally dependent on each other – r = 0.945±0.055. A high positive correlation has developed between the content of protein and gluten in the grain with the average daily air temperature in the second half of the growing season in July r = 0.845±0.081 and 0.902±0.065, in August: r = 0.858±0.080 and 0.898±0.075, respectively. Positive weak correlation was found between the yield and flour strength, variety quality indices and dough farinograms (r = 0.354±0.148, 0.402±0.138 and 0.423±0,136), respectively. Precipitation and a high rate of HTC in the second half of the growing season reduced the quality indices of the variety and farinograms of the dough, the strength of the flour. This dependence was characterized by a weak negative relationship: from r = -0.310±0.144 to r = -0.458±0.134. Thus, the formation of yield and quality indicators of grain of spring soft wheat is influenced by the temperature regime and the amount of precipitation in all phases of growth and development of plants. 

The aim of the research was to grow potato mini-tubers in two crop rotations of protected ground using micro-plants and micro-tubers in vitro as planting material. The experiments were carried out in 2019-2021 in the Republic of North OssetiaAlania (the North Caucasus). The initial in vitro material was planted in spring (April-June) and summer (August-October) rotations in 5 L pots filled with peat substrate. The pots were placed in polycarbonate-lined greenhouses. The objects for the research were the potato varieties Gulliver, Sadon and Kumach. Microplants (control), standard (> 9 mm) and non-standard (5-9 mm) micro-tubers were used as variants for laying the experiment. According to the results of biometric observations in the period from sprouting to the plants reaching 20 cm, the presence of unevenness in plant height was noted in the variants with the use of micro-tubers. In the spring rotation, the cultivation of mini-tubers from microplants contributed to the formation of 6.9-8.0 pcs/plant with a standard fraction yield of 6.1-7.2 pcs. Productivity in variants with planting micro-tubers of 5-9 mm in size decreased by 1.6-1.9 times compared with micro-plants. In the summer rotation, the plants formed from 3.5 to 6.5 minitubers with a standard seed fraction yield of 53-72 %. Microtubers > 9mm (potato varieties: Gulliver and Kumach) in summer planting were more productive than micro-plants. On average, they formed 6.1-6.7 pcs/plant, which exceeded the control variant by 0.8-2.1 pcs. According to the results of the research, the total number of formed mini-tubers during summer rotation was 1.2-1.4 times lower than during spring rotation. The use of two rotations in the process of growing mini-tubers in protected ground contributed to an increase in the quantitative yield of produced seed material for the growing season by 1.7 times. 

The purpose of the research is a comprehensive assessment of promising lines of fiber flax according to the main agronomic traits and adaptability based on the results of breeding variety testing in the conditions of the North-Western region of the Russian Federation. The research was carried out in the conditions of Pskov region in 2016-2019 on sod-weakly podzolic light loamy well-cultivated soil. The hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) for the growing season was in 2016 – 1.98, in 2017 – 1.60, in 2018 – 0.95 and in 2019 – 1.44. Abiotic conditions of the year had the greatest significant impact at 5 % significance level on the formation of plant height (79.2 %), the yield of flax seeds (83.6 %), flax straw (78,0 %) and flax fiber (68.5 %), the duration of the growing season (58.3 %). The share of the genotype prevailed in the formation of the fiber content in the stem (75.0 %). Variability was greatest in the yield of flax seeds (CV = 26.4...34.1 %); mainly average ‒ in the yield of flax straw and flax fiber (CV = 11.3…21.5 %) and weak ‒ in other characteristics (CV = 1.5...10.5 %). Based on the results of the research according to the complex of agronomic traits, three best lines of practical interest have been identified: P-4382-3-2 f-3, P-4453 c-6 and P-4629 sh-1. All of them belong to early ripening (the growing season is 77...79 days), are resistant to lodging (4.1...4.7 points) and fusarium wilting (86.5...93.3 %), tall (78...81 cm), have the yield of flax straw (50.2...51 c/ha) and flax seeds (5.9...6.9 c/ha) at the level of standard variety Voskhod. They are characterized by high fiber content (35.9...39.6 %) and flax fiber yield (18.4...19.9 c/ha), exceeded the standard by 2.5...5.9 % (abs.) and 7.6...17 %, respectively. Based on a comprehensive assessment of the breeding material according to productivity and adaptability parameters, using the ranking principle, the same genotypes are the most adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the NorthWestern region, as having scored the lowest amounts of ranks. Their use in breeding programs will contribute to the development of new varieties that ensure high and stable yields of flax products of good quality. 

This article provides data of 2017-2019 on the effect of the Pulsar herbicide (a.i. is imazamox) on the yield and quality of seeds of the Kitrossa mid-season soybean variety under the conditions of the Amur River Region. Vegetative plants were sprayed with the Pulsar herbicide in a dose of 0.8 l/ha at the stage of the third ternate leaf. As the result of the studies performed it was found that over three years the use of the Pulsar herbicide on the average led to a decrease in plant survivability before harvesting by 6 % compared to the control. As the result of studying the structure of the crop it was revealed that, on average, over the years of research, the treatment of vegetative soybean plants of the Kitrossa variety with herbicide led to a decrease in the number of pods by 2 pcs/per 1 plant (LSD₀₅ = 1.1 pcs/ per 1 plant), the weight of seeds from 1 plant – by 0.7 g (LSD₀₅ = 0.5 g). Depending on the use of the herbicide under study and prevailing weather conditions, biological yield decreased by an average of 0.3 t/ha during the years of research. The germinating energy in the obtained seeds in the variant with the Pulsar herbicide use decreased by 5 %, the crude protein content – by 0.6 % and oil by 0.39 % compared to the control variant without the herbicide use. There was noted a tendency to increasing the number of abnormally developed germinants by using the studied herbicide. 

Alfalfa is a perennial legume that plays an important role in feed production. The high demand for alfalfa all over the world, including the Russian Federation, results in the necessity to develop new high-yielding varieties with high quality feed. The purpose of the current study was the morpho-biological analysis of 198 alfalfa collection nursery samples (sown in 2018) and the identification of sources of useful economic and biological traits in comparison with the standard variety ‘Rostovskaya 90’ (Russia). The study was conducted in 2019-2021. Based on the study results there have been identified the following sources of useful traits: Pickstar (Canada), Saranac A.R. (USA), G118/13 (Russia); according to plant height (105-107 cm); Caraveli (Peru), Saranac A.R (USA), Liska (Ukraine), Sarga, G 19/13, G 144/13, Selection 5, Sin 6, Sin 36/95 (Russia) according to foliage (over 50 %); Selection 79, Uralochka, G-3, G-5, Donskaya 5, G 97/13, G 8/13, G 73/13 (Russia); according to green mass productivity (4.83-5.79 kg/m2 ); Saga (Canada), Selection 6, Sin 1, d. 14813, G-2, Sin 36/95, Selection 33, Selection 34, d. 4576 (Russia) according to dry matter content (over 29 %); Sarga (Russia), Karlygash and Aliya (Kazakhstan) according to crude protein content (over 21 %). The identified samples will be used as parental forms in alfalfa breeding for feed productivity.

In 2016-2020 there was carried out a comprehensive study of the problem on involvement into the industrial turnover of ecdysterone-containing substance from the leaf parts of Rhaponticum carthamoides, which is included in the list of plants of the State Pharmacopoeia, in relation to the activity and safety of harvested raw materials. Studied were phytochemical and qualitative characteristics of medicinal raw materials obtained by alternative technology (vegetative shoots instead of roots with rhizomes). Cultivated by organic cultivation in the European North-East of Russia (Archangelsk region) with a cool and humid climate, in an agropopulation with a density of 24-28 thousand plants per 1 ha. Harvesting was carried out at the beginning of the budding phase, the concentration of the active ecdysterone substance was determined by the pharmacopoeial method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. It has been established that the objects of collection are the fractions of young and adult rosette leaves, where the accumulation of large amounts of ecdysterone is associated with the presence of increased amounts of protein substances (r² = 0.99-0.98) and there is an inverse negative dependence on fiber (r² = -0.99…-0.94). An indicator of increased synthesis of ecdysterone is the level of crude protein of 33-27 %, at which the concentration of ecdysterone reaches 4850-3550 mg/kg (0.49-0.36 %) at a standard of 1000 mg/kg (0.1 % based on dry substance). A high degree of availability of ecdysterone from the substance in aqueous extracts, in the temperature range from -10 to +100 ºC, with subsequent preservation of the active substances during the day by 93-98 % was revealed. Total yield of extractive substances is 50.2 % (with the standard value of 12.0 %). Complex biological activity of the extract in biotests was characterized by a stimulating effect at high dilution (10^-9-10^-11 M per ecdysterone) and inhibitory at low dilution (1:100). Medicinal raw materials meet the established sanitary and toxicological safety standards for the content of pollutants: it does not accumulate heavy metals (Hg, Cd, As, Zn; Ni, Cu, Cr) above the background level; there are no prohibited chlorine and organophosphorus compounds; radionuclide, nitrate and nitrite content is below norms of maximum allowable concentration. 

The article presents the results of identifying the effect of feeding different doses of winter rye grain extrudate on the digestibility of diet feeds and the biochemical composition of rumen fluid and blood of replacement heifers. The research was carried out at the Sokolovo dairy complex (Perm Krai). The objects of the study were replacement heifers of Holstein blackand-white breed aged 12-15 months. The concentrate part in the diet of heifers of the experimental groups consisted from winter rye grain extrudate: in the first group by 12.5 %, in the second – by 25.0 %, in the third – by 50.0 %. As the result of the research, it was revealed that the replacement heifers of the first, second and third experimental groups showed great results compared to the heifers of the control group in the digestibility of the dry matter of the diet feed by 0.63 %, 0.99 and 1.77 % (p<0.01), respectively. The ammonia content was in the rumen fluid of the first experimental group of heifers three hours after feeding by 0.62 mg% (2.97 %) p<0.05, in the second experimental group by 1.22 mg% (4.77 %) p><0.05, in the third –> ˂ 0.05, in the second experimental group by 1.22 mg% (4.77 %) p˂0.05, in the third – by 1.70 mg% (9.42 %) p˂0.01 less, compared to the control. The level of urea in the blood of heifers of the experimental groups was lower, compared with the control, in the first ‒ by 0.34 mmol/l (by 6.65 %), in the second by 0.46 mmol/l (9.21 %) and in the third – by 0.58 mmol/l (14.90 %) p˂0.05. 

The article provides an overview of the criteria for choosing pea varieties to evaluate economically valuable traits. For the effective use of peas as raw materials for deep processing, two directions can be considered: a joint increase in the content of protein and starch or the choice of varieties with the required indicators. The results of laboratory studies of processing for starch and protein isolate of 37 variety samples of peas from the collection of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Center of Legumes and Groat Crops» are presented. As evaluation criteria determining high technological properties, providing the most complete extraction of starch and protein isolate there have been selected coefficients of extraction of these components. When selecting a variety of peas, it is also necessary to consider the physicochemical properties of starch, which depend on the mass fraction of amylose. According to the results obtained, the most promising varieties for the processing of grain into starch and protein isolate are Orlovchanin, Alla, Rodnik, Sibirsky 1, Pharaon, Jaguar, Sophia. The most efficient extraction of the main processed products ‒ protein isolate and starch is established for the variety Alla, protein extraction coefficient 81.2 %, starch 90.6 %. Among the wrinkled pea varieties for industrial processing, the Amius 1241 breeding line is the most interesting, with protein isolate and starch extraction coefficients of 70.3 and 69.1 % and a mass fraction of amylose in starch of 81.5 %. It is found that the mass fraction of starch and protein in pea grains does not correlate with the extraction coefficients of protein and starch isolate during processing by two-stage extraction of protein from pea flour using the alkaline method. When processing wrinkled pea varieties, there are difficulties in separating the starch and residual protein undissolved in alkaline medium, since these pea varieties are found to have complex starch granules, which are easily crushed into small irregular and polygonal granules. In smooth pea varieties, the starch granules are oval in shape with a high percentage of large size and therefore there are no problems with separation of the starch-protein suspension. The dependence of viscosity of 3.0 % pea starch paste on the mass fraction of amylose in pea starch has been determined. The choice of pea variety for processing makes it possible to produce starch that has lifetime modification, i.e., that has the required physical and chemical properties and resistance. In addition, depending on the choice of pea variety, it is possible to predict the yield of isolate and protein concentrate. 

The paper determines the number and structure of actinomycete complexes associated with the roots of the medicinal plant – leuzea safflower (Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin) during long-term cultivation on sod-podzolic soil. The total number of actinomycetes in the rhizosphere varied within (4.4-13.2)×105 CFU/g of soil, and in the rhizoplane ‒ within (7.6-24.1)×103 CFU/g of roots. The complex of mycelial prokaryotes is represented by the genera Streptomyces, Micromonospora, Streptosporangium, Streptoverticillium and oligospore forms. Streptomycetes dominated both in the rhizosphere and in the rhizoplane of leuzea safflower. From these microlocuses, 30 cultures of mycelial prokaryotes were isolated using selective techniques. The cultural-morphological and physiological-biochemical properties of the isolates were studied. High-performance screening conducted using a dual reporter system revealed among 19 isolates associated with leuzea roots the ability to produce protein synthesis inhibitors in four (21 %) streptomycetes cultures. PCR detection of type II polyketide synthetase genes did not reveal their carriers among streptomycetes associated with leuzea. A significant proportion (67 %) of streptomycetes isolates from the rhizosphere and rhizoplana of leuzea had moderate and high cellulase activity. It has been established that the majority (92 %) of streptomycetes in the rhizoplana complex produce indole compounds (IUC) in the amount of 40±16.1 mcl/ml, up to 61 % of isolates produce water-soluble metabolites of antifungal action. New strains of streptomyces antagonists of phytopathogenic fungi, cellulolytics and auxin producers promising for further study have been identified. 

The studies were carried out in the Kirov region on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil in a long-time stationary experiment established in 1976. The article provides data (2010-2017) on four fallow-grain-grass crop rotations with various types of fallows, annual and perennial legumes (25-50 %), intercrops (12.5-37.5 %). The purpose of the studies is to compare the influence of some biologization techniques in eight-field crop rotations on the change in soil fertility and the balance of nutritional elements of sod-podzolic sandy loam soil. It is found that the application of low doses of mineral fertilizers (N₃₀P₃₀K₃₀) and various types of green manure crops per rotation has significantly increased the content of mobile phosphorus in the arable soil layer (by 39-46 mg/kg). According to grouping the provision of soils with phosphorus, the content of this element passed into the «high provision» group. The content of exchangeable potassium in the soil remained in the «increased» provision group. In the control crop rotation with clean fallow at a minimum supply of nutrients with mineral fertilizers and root-stubble residues, the balance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was created negative at the intensity of less than 100 %. The replacement of clean fallow for cropped and green manure fallows, as well as the introduction of intermediate cruciferous crops into the crop rotation structure contributed to the positive balance of nitrogen (250.2-484.3 kg/ha) with the intensity of 124-150 %. The biologization factors used in crop rotations favored the creation of a positive phosphorus balance (12.5-148.1 kg/ha) with the optimal intensity of 117-163 % and a positive potassium balance (128.9-395.8 kg/ha) with the intensity above the optimal value of 116-148 %. The most advantageous in terms of productivity and ensuring a positive balance of nutritional elements is crop rotation with two green manure fallows and sowing of stubble and hay cruciferous crops in three fields. 

The coal mining is one of the leading industries in the global energy balance. Kuzbass is the main region of Russia that specializes in coal mining. About 60 % of the country's coal is mined there. Coal mining is carried out mainly by the open-pit method. As a result, some 178 thousand hectares ha of disturbed land are formed. Enzymatic activity is an indicator of soil self-repair. The aim of the work was to study the enzymatic activity of technogenic surface formations of the Kuzbass to assess their toxicity and further selection of destructor microorganisms, rhizobacteria and hyperaccumulator plants, which will be further used at the biological stage of recultivation. As objects of research, the samples of technogenic surface formations taken on the territory of the Barzassky and Mokhovsky coal dumps. Enzymatic activity of technogenic surface formations of dumps was: invertase – 2,24 and 2,12 mg of sucrose split 1 g soil in 1 h; nitrite reductase – 0,57 and 0,07 mg reduced NO₂- per 1 g soil in 24 h; asparaginase – 71,22 and 60,63 mg NH₃ per 1 g soil in 24 h, respectively. When studying the enzymatic activity, it was assumed that the native microflora uses low- and high-molecular hydrocarbons (alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), etc.) as carbon sources. The content of mobile forms of heavy metals (HM) in the studied samples exceeds the maximum allowable concentration by 1,2-2,6 times. In the course of statistical analysis, it was revealed that the gross and mobile forms of zinc and copper are nitrite reductase inhibitors, the gross and mobile form of nickel is an asparaginase activator, in technogenic disturbed formations of the studied coal dumps. Nickel is also an invertase inhibitor in the Mokhovsky coal dump. 

The aim of the research was to identify promising biochemical markers of blood associated with the intensity of live weight gain in young cattle. The work was carried out in 2021...2022 in the conditions of the dairy farm of LLC Severnaya Niva in the Kortkerossky district of the Komi Republic. A group of newborn heifers of the Kholmogorsky breed (n = 30) was selected for the experiment. It has been established that on the first day after birth, calves with intensive growth rates had lower AsAT activity (r = -0.510) and iron concentration (r = -0.650) in blood serum, and vice versa a higher level of SMLMM рlasma (0.626). At later stages of the analysis, a pronounced correlation of the intensity of body weight gain was observed with respect to the activity of alkaline phosphatase: -0.639 and -0.744 on day 7 and 14, respectively. It was determined that many of the calculated coefficients obtained during the blood test on the 14th day after birth had a more noticeable correlation with the intensity of growth. Such markers included: Alkaline phosphatase/Calcium (-0.746), Alkaline phosphatase/Magnesium (-0.756), Magnesium/Alkaline Phosphatase (-0.760), Calcium×Phosphorus/Alkaline Phosphatase (0.758) and Alkaline Phosphatase/(Calcium+Magnesium) (-0.753). At the next stage, the analysis of the rate of live weight gain in heifers ranked by the increase in the values of the developed coefficients was carried out. It is proved that the use of coefficients contributed to a more pronounced differentiation of the rate of weight gain in comparison with the values established with the use of one alkaline phosphatase. Thus, the calculated index of Alkaline phosphatase/Calcium/ Magnesium on the 1st, 7th and 14th days of postnatal ontogenesis provided a difference between the phenotypes of the 1st and 3rd groups by 74.1(P≤0.05), 92.6 (P≤0.01) and 90.7 (P≤0.001) g of weight gain per day, whereas the difference when using one alkaline phosphatase was 33.3; 16.0 and 12.2 % less. Thus, the use of these coefficients to predict the rate of live weight gain in calves can increase the accuracy of the selection of animals with the desired phenotype in early postnatal ontogenesis. 

The article shows the assessment of the hourly and shift energy intensity of the operator's work on rotary milking machines with internal milking (of the "Herringbone" type) with the connection of teat cups on the side and on installations with external milking with the connection of teat cups at the back (of the "Parallel" type). The purpose of the study is to determine the indicators of ergonomics and energy intensity of labor productivity of machine milking operators working on rotary milking machines. The conditions that affect the labor productivity of the milking operator are considered. Calculations are presented to determine the indicators of ergonomics and energy intensity of labor of machine milking operators. The data were obtained empirically using the method of chronometric observations of the work of operators in the milking parlor and the principles of a systematic approach. The total mass of loads moved during each hour of the shift from the working surface is exceeded for men (the normal value is not more than 870 kg) and significantly exceeded for women (the normal value is not more than 350 kg) and is 644...1380 kg on Milkline (external) provided that one operator works at the connecting of the milking machine. The total mass of loads is also exceeded for female operators on the AutoRotor 40 (external) and AutoRotor 60 (external) «Carousels» and amounts to 653 kg and 575 kg per operator, respectively. The normal value of the static load per shift when holding the load and applying efforts with one hand for men - not more than 353.0 kN∙s, for women ‒ not more than 215.7 kN∙s. On Milkline installations (external) it is 212.4…455.0 kN∙s when one operator works at the connecting of the milking machine, while the upper limit is significantly exceeded for both men and especially women. 

The article informs on the search of values of setting the parameters of electronic unit of the milking machine providing the current control of physiological state of udder quarters during milking. The milking machine is equipped with electrode sensor for quarterly control of the lactation intensity. A rotatable plan was used in the studies on a hexagon for two factors. The influence of delay duration of measuring and the duration of search for maximum on relative values of average y_aver and maximum y_max deviations from minimum voltage value at the lower voltage divider arm has been determined. The algorithm of the program for the functioning of the electronic unit provided for restrictions on the width ∆ = 0.03 s and height Un = 2.45 V of the lactation diagram. There were experimentally determined the values of the duration of the measurement delay 10 s and the duration of the search for the maximum 40 s, which ensure an adequate quarterly indication of mastitis during milking. The threshold for changing the colour of the LEDs of the electronic unit from green to red, signalling inflammation of the mammary gland in the quarters, is set to exceeding y_max > 5 %. Parallel samples of milk from the udder quarters for the kenotest confirmed the efficiency of application and expediency of the milking machine, performing the function of quarterly testing of the quarters for mastitis. Providing the option of quarterly control of udder quarters by milking machine does not need correction of the basic circuit of electronic unit and is achieved only by its programming considering physiological features of livestock kept. The results of investigations indicate that, on average, for healthy cows, the range of variation of the maximum relative voltage deviation on the lower divider of the electronic unit should not exceed 6...10 %. 

The great concern of scientists is the rise in the average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere associated with the greenhouse effect caused by higher concentration of some gases, carbon dioxide included. Animals and their wastes are one of the carbon dioxide sources. Annually there is the growing need in livestock products. This leads to a bigger number of farm animals and consequent higher carbon dioxide emissions into the environment. Theoretical and experimental studies of 2015-2021 at the premises of the Institute for Engineering and Environmental Problems in Agricultural Production and agricultural enterprises in the Leningrad Region of the Russian Federation were aimed at identifying the main sources, intensity and patterns of carbon dioxide emissions in dairy cow barns with due account for the effect of animal housing conditions. The main carbon dioxide sources on a cattle dairy farm are the air exhaled by animals and manure. From the study results, a dairy cow exhales from 4.5 to 8.5 kg of carbon dioxide per day depending on its productivity and mass. The carbon dioxide emission from manure accumulated in a barn is below 1 % of the carbon dioxide exhaled by animals. Modern innovative technologies allow for more efficient use of genetic potential of animals and reduce the negative impact on the environment. The revealed patterns and modelling of carbon dioxide emissions showed that with an increase in cow milk yield from 10 to 30 kg/day, the carbon dioxide emission per 1 kg of milk can decrease 2.3 to 2.5 times.