Oats - is a crop of universal use both for feed and food purposes. Naked varieties are of particular interest in this regard. At grain’s evaluating for the processing industry, it is necessary to define such technological grain properties as test weight and 1000-grain mass. In this regard, the estimation of the 213 naked oat samples of different ecologo-geographic origin was done. Influence of growth conditions and varietal characteristics on these indicators was shown. It is established that the formation of the test weight and 1000-grain mass is significant influenced by the genotype X environment interaction (54.3% and 48.2% respectively). The influence of individual factors (variety, year) was significantly lower. The connection of the test weight and 1000-grain mass with the geometric parameters of kernel: sphericity (¥), grain volume (V), external surface area of the grain (F), ratio of grain volume to external surface area (V/F). It was established a positive correlation of index of sphericity with test weight (r = 0.20.0.82) and 1000-grain mass (r = 0.31.0.97). A negative correlation was observed between the full-scale weight and external surface area of grain (r = -0.72.-0.94). The 1000-grain mass largely dependent on the volume (r = 0.47.0.90) and external surface area of the grain (r = 0.39.0.94). The influence of technological parameters of grain on content of protein, fat and starch was shown. As a result of evaluation of collection samples new initial material was identified for breeding of naked oat varieties having high technological parameters: for grain test weight k-8739 (Republic of Mordovia, Russia); - 14683 (UK); k-2353, k-15096, k-15162 (USA); for 1000-grain mass k-14230, k-14364 (Belarus); k-11448 (Israel); k-15225 (USA).

The article presents research materials for 2012...2015 on the study of the influence of new growth regulators on precocity, productivity and quality of potato tubers cultivated on sod-podzolic soil in the conditions of the Republic of Komi. Object of research - zoned varieties of potato Nevsky (middle-early) and Gloria (early-ripe). Biopreparation Verva and new pectic polysaccharides Lemnan (LM) - pectin from Lemna minor L. and Silenan (SV) - pectin from callus tissue of Silene vulgaris (M.) G. [Oberna behen (L.) Ikonn] were tested as the growth regulators The experiment scheme included pre-sowing soaking of potato tubers (dilution rate - 100 ml per 10 liters of water, consumption - 10 liters per 1 ton of tubers) and top-dressing of plants at phases of 3.5 leaves and tuber formation (dilution rate - 100 ml per 10 liters of water, consumption of working liquid - 300 liters/ha). Pre-sowing treatment and top-dressing with water was used as control. The use of pectic polysaccharides accelerated the passage of the development phases of potato varieties: the period of emergence of full shoots - by 2.8 days; from shoots to budding - by 2.7 days, from budding to mass flowering - by 4.14 days. Preparations LM, SV, Verva increased the early potato productivity by 51.2; 32.5; 48.8% (variety Nevsky) and 220.5; 261.4; 245.5% (variety Gloria) in comparison with the control variant. The increments of the total yield were according in variety Nevsky 9.3; 7.3; 8.9 t/ha (38.0.48.4%), in variety Gloria 32.7; 23.7; 29.9 t/ha (106.3.146.6%). Treatment with pectic polysaccharides increased the content of dry matter, starch, and vitamin C in tubers of potato respectively by 1.6.2.4; 5.1.6.2; 3.2.3.7% in variety Nevsky, and by 12.1.14.9; 13.1.17.2; 25.7.32.4% in variety Gloria. The use of preparations LM and SV reduced the nitrate content in tubers by 8.22 mg/kg (variety Nevsky) and 83.71 mg/kg (variety Gloria).

Studies on design of scientific and technological documentation for new flour confectionary with increased nutritional value are conducted in North-East Agricultural Research Institute. High attention is paid to using of rye raw material (rye flour and malt) for full or partial substitution of wheat flour with the purpose of broadening of production assortment. It is linked with the fact that rye has the lowest calories content of grain and products of its processing among all cereal crops, and contents much more minerals, microelements, vitamins, and fibers. Its grain contents more essential amino acids than wheat has. Raw materials of other cereal crops along with oil crops are used in new receipts too for heightening of these foodstuffs. Among new products there are documentations for cake “Osenny”, biscuit rolls “Niva” with jam and “Niva” with fruit butter, biscuits “Debyut”, “Stimul”, and “Trio”. New flour confectionaries are differed from existing analogues by heightened (by 23.1.155.6%) content of fibers and lowered (by 1.8.20.8%) energy value. Cake “Osenny”, rolls “Niva” with jam and “Niva” with fruit butter, biscuits “Trio” have high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids that are important for man health. Cake “Osenny” has 3.16 g of these acids per 100 g while its industrial analogue (cake “Sportivny”) has as low as twice content of polyunsaturated acids - 1.53 g / 100 g. Using of rye raw material in production of new confectionary will allow to broad assortment of foodstuff with high nutritional value, to lower cost of raw materials for production, to lower energy potential of diet that is important for rational health type of nutrition of modern human.

The article presents the results of researches on fodder productivity of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and brome grass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) grown in field crop rotation with combined and separate application of mineral fertilizers and microfertilizer ZhUSS-2 on the background of soil liming at 0.5 and 1.0 units of hydrolytic acidity. The studies were conducted in 2005-2007 in long-time field stationary experiment under conditions of the Republic of Mordovia. During the years of research in legume crops, the yield of feed units amounted to 3841 fodder units (FU)/ha, the exchange energy (OE) of 40.3 GJ/ha and the crude protein (CP) of 1191 kg / ha, in cereals, respectively, 2589 FU/ha, 27 GJ / ha and 688 kg / ha. In the brome grass, the maximum number of fodder units (3548 FU/ha), OE (37.2 GJ/ha) and CP (963 kg/ha) were in variants with treatment of plants by the preparation ZHUSS-2, applying of full mineral fertilizer in a nitrogen dose of 90 kg/ha at the background of soil liming at 1.0 unit of hydrolytic acidity. The action of preparation ZHUSS-2 is more effective on legume (in alfalfa the increase of OE was 3.4 GJ/ha, fodder units - 327 FU/ha, CP - 127 kg/ha, in brome grass, respectively 2.0 GJ/ha, 195 FU/ha and 57 kg/ha). Soil liming was more effective in alfalfa (an increase in OE and FU of 8.11%, CP - 2.7%; in brome grass, respectively, 5.6% and 4.5%). Full mineral fertilizer with nitrogen dose of 60 and 90 kg of acting matter/ha at the background of liming at 0.5 and 1.0 units of hydrolytic acidity provided the best recoupment of 1 kg of mineral fertilizers with additional yield of OE, FU and CP in brome grass. In alfalfa the same was at phosphoric-potassium and full mineral fertilizer with a nitrogen dose of 15 kg of acting matter/ha and treatment with microfertilizer ZHUSS-2.

The effect of application of mineral fertilizers at the background of long-term (20 years) aftereffect of liming on agrochemical properties of sod-podzolic middle-loamy soil and yield of the clover-timothy mixture was studied in the field stationary experiment. It was established that at single application of dolomite powder in a dose of 1 unit of hydrolytic acidity (h.a.) the soil acidity is supported on level of medium acidity - рН_kcl 4.6...4.7, in a dose of 2 h.a. - on level from slightly acidic upto next to neutral - рН_kcl 5.5...5.6. Growing up of perennial grasses for 5 years contributed to the preservation of humus content in the soil at the level of 1.56 to 1.74% at the initial 1.5%. The degree of soil saturation with bases (V) at the background of lime aftereffect in dose of 1 h.a. made up 69.74%, which indicates a weak need of soil in the re-liming. At the background of aftereffect of lime input in a dose of 2 h.a. it is not required ameriorant inputting (V = 81.83%). Annual application of mineral fertilizers contributed to the accumulation of mobile phosphorus in the soil to high and very high level (173.281 mg/kg), and exchangeable potassium to the medium level (115.132 mg/kg). The degree of phosphorus mobility increased with increasing doses of mineral fertilizers, the maximum values (0.30.0.35 mg/l) were obtained on limed backgrounds. The aftereffect of lime had no effect on potassium mobility, which one was determined by the dose of fertilizers applied - 5.7...6.6 mg/l (N30P45K45), 9.0.13.9 mg/l (N60P75K75). Plants better used nutritions from fertilizer when they are inputted at the background of lime aftereffect: phosphorus - up to 27.34%, potassium - up to 76.96%. Utilization of phosphorus from soil was 25.34%, potassium - 32.40%. Inputting of N60P75K75 at the background of dolomite aftereffect at a dose of 2 h.a. provided the highest yield of dry mass of perennial grasses - 4.7 t/ha. When mineral fertilizers, independently on lime action the balance of phosphorus was positive, of potassium - negative. Intensity of balance was, respectively, 157.259% and 61.89%.

Results of perennial studies on influence of predecessors on grain quality parameters of winter rye Kirovskaya 89 and Falenskaya 4 are presented in the article. Winter rye was sowed after such kinds of fallow as pure, manure, green manure (lupine, melilot, red clover, annual grasses), occupied (field pea + oat; radish + vetch + oat; clover). It was established that predecessor could influence on grain quality of winter rye due to its impact on agro-physical, biological properties of soil, and phyto-sanitary state of sowings. Test weight of grain varied by years and by predecessors in Kirovskaya 89 from 564 up to 707 g/l; in Falenskaya 4 - from 650 up to 710 g/l. At the average for years of investigations, both varieties formed high-test weight grain according to State Standard. Grain of variety Kirovskaya 89 belongs to II class of quality on a base of parameter “falling numbef’ at any predecessor - its grain does not demand subgrading (bread of good quality). Variety Falenskaya 4 forms grain of I class in majority of years and was characterized as improver for subgrading for grain with low qualities. 1000 grain mass in variety Kirovskaya 89 was significantly higher at green manure fallow, in variety Falenskaya 4 - at pure fallow. Protein content was low than 11.5% at any predecessor and type of fallow that does not lowered bakery properties of flour. Total bakery value of variety Kirovskaya 89 at pure fallow was 3.09 points, increased at green manure, and occupied fallows up to 3.51.3.57 points.

In connection with the organization of large-scale specialized dairy complexes and high concentration of animals in limited spaces it has been pointed stable tendency to increase in cows’ pathology of childbirth and the postpartum period. In the structure of causes that reduce the reproductive performance of cattle, the profitability of the industry management of dairy cattle breeding, postpartum diseases of cows in the form of subinvolution of the uterus and endomiometrity, leading to reduction in their fertility, milk production and premature culling occupy a special place. Experimental investigations were carried out on the basis of JSC “Vurnary meat” of the Chuvash Republic on cows of black-motley breed with an average milk yield of 5.5 thousand kg per lactation. Test groups of 10 animals each formed on the 4-th day of postnatal period out of clinically healthy cows (first group) and patient cows with postpartum endometritis of acute course (second group). As a result of researches there are revealed differences in the course of the postpartum period and the content of specific sex hormones in clinically healthy and endometritis-diseased cows. For endometritis cows early post-natal period was characterized by a high content of progesterone 31.60 nm/l (in healthy 2.13 nm/l) and low estradiol levels E₂ - 22.50 pg/ml (in healthy - 51.30). This was the reason for delayed involution of the uterus, increasing the recovery time of the sexual cycle, development of microbes and inflammation, which led to the weakening of the degenerative-regenerative processes in the endometrium. In cows with endometritis time of lochia allocation increaseв by 5.00 (p < 0.01) days; the duration of involution of the uterus - by 11.90 (p < 0.01) days; the time from birth until fertilization - by 16.8 (p < 0.01) days.

The increase in manufactory of dairy products in large complexes is not currently possible without usage of biologically active supplements to diets. Most promising in this direction are the supplements of natural origin, such as VERVA. The purpose of the research was to estimate the effect of supplement VERVA on cow performance and economic efficiency of milk production. Experimental studies conducted in conditions of “Agrofirma “Bobino-M” in Kirov region on the high-yielding Holsteins cows of black-motley breed in the dry period. Three groups of cows with 10 animals each were involved in scientific-economic experiment: two test groups and one control. Animals of 1 and 2 experimental groups received Supplement VERVA in the amount of 5 and 10 ml per head per day during 60-day dry period. Before use liquid feed additive was 10 times diluted with water and added to the feed mixture for the basic diet balanced according to the norms approved by аll-Russian Institute of Animal Husbandry. All animals were monitored during childbirth and the postpartum state, and records of milk production were kept. According to the results of studies it have shown that the Supplement had a positive impact on the childbirth and the postpartum state of animals, quantity and quality of resulting dairy products. Mastitis was observed 2 times less in the test groups in comparison with the control. The amount of milk fat in the test groups was higher respectively by 4.9% (p < 0.05) and 2.7% in comparison with the control group. The amount of protein in the milk of animals of first test group was higher by 11.4% (p < 0.05) in comparison with the control, in the second test group - by 6.9%. The profit of additionally produced milk through the use of supplements made 91.60 thousand RUB in 1-st group; in 2 group - 48.42 thousand rubles.

The article summarizes data on the effect of biologically active substances with immunoprotective properties on immune indices and nonspecific immunity as well possibilities of their use to protect young cattle from infection with the bovine leukemia virus (BLV). It has been established that combined use of ronkoleukin, anandin, ribotan and phosprenil according to the developed pattern had a positive impact on immunobiological indicators that resulted in a significant increase in the level of serum total protein, albumins, γ-globulins, immunoglobulins of classes G, M, A, bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum, decrease of substances of low and medium molecular weight (LMMW) and circulating immune complexes (CICs). When ronleukin applying to seronegative heifers in a dose of 3000 IU/kg body weight dissolved in 5 ml of 0.9% saline solution intramuscularly once a month for 6 months we identified 10% BLV-infected animals with a titer of antibodies to BLV-antigens 1:2 which was 20% lower than control group of heifers analogues, where at the end of the experiments we identified 30% of infected animals with a titers of antibodies to BLV-antigens 1: 8. When ronleukin applying to seronegative heifers in a dose of 1000 IU / kg of body weight dissolved in 5 ml of 0.9% saline solution, anandin in a dose of 10 ml / head intramuscularly, phosprenil in a dose of 5 ml / head, ribotan in a dose of 2 ml / head subcutaneously once a month for 6 months at the end of the experiments we did not reveal BLV- infected animals. Thus, it has been shown that the combined use of ronleukin, anandin, ribotan and phosprenyl to six-month-old heifers according to the developed pattern provides normalization of immunobiological indices and promotes an increase in their resistance to BLV- infection.

According to the official veterinary reports cattle in the Nizhny Novgorod region in 2014-2016 showed a decreased level of carotene in 50.2.57.9%, a total serum protein - in 20.0.24.5%, total calcium - in 33.0.35.7%, inorganic phosphorus - in 29.0.32.5%, alkaline reserve - in 12.0.13.8% of the samples studied; in the structure of non-contagious pathology, the leading place was occupied by diseases of the reproductive organs, registered in 34.0% of diseased сattle. Our own studies revealed a decreased level of inorganic phosphorus and phagocytic activity of neutrophils in dry cows in a base economy. We developed a method for optimizing the reproductive function of cows comprising daily peroral application of remedy Bio-PHAYAL at a dose of 15.20 mg/kg body weight for 5 days starting at onset of the lactation period and 10 days prior to calving, in combination with the two-fold subcutaneous injection of the preparation Bio-TEK at a dose of 10 ml/head 60 and 30 days prior to calving, two-fold intramuscular injection of tetrahydrovit at a dose of 10 ml/head 60 and 30 days prior to calving and a single intramuscular injection of sedimin at a dose of 10 ml/head 45 days prior to calving. The developed method contributed to the optimization of the reproductive function of postpartum cows, which was characterized by a decrease in the level of obstetric morbidity by 19.0.49.3%, less time required for the uterine involution by 2.8.6.1 days, a reduction in the infertility by 7.7.21.6 days and an increase of their fertility by 5.7.13.0% in comparison with analogues.

Rostov Region is one of the most important regions of sheep breeding in Russia. The Salsk breed of sheep is created as a result of many years work of breeders in the Rostov region. Studies on the genetic diversity of domestic breeds of sheep are a prerequisite for their conservation, further improvement and use for the needs of the modern agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation. The aim of the work is to study polymorphism of microsatellite loci OarCP549, CSRD247, FCB20, and MAF65 in sheep of Salsk breed. Studies were carried out on sheep of the Salsk breed (n = 95, PZ «Belozernoe», Rostov Region). Analysis of microsatellites was performed on sixteen-capillary genetic analyzer ABI3130xl Genetic Analyzer. To estimate polymorphism of loci it was taken into account: the Number of Alleles per locus (NA); Observed (Ho) and the Expected (He) Heterozygosity, the Effective Number of Alleles per locus (Ae). The highest Number of Alleles (NA = 17) and the Effective Number of Alleles (Ae = 7) was determined from the locus OarCP49 in the sheep of the Salsk breed. At other loci, the Number of Alleles was 15, 12 and 9, and the Effective Number of Alleles was 5.56, 5.33 and 3.85 respectively for CSRD247, FCB20 and MAF65. The heterozygote deficiency in the population is noted at the loci CSRD247 and MAF65. Average index of fixation for four loci was 0.094. The results of the work showed the polymorphism of microsatellite loci OarCP49, CSRD247, FCB20 and MAF65 and the expediency of their inclusion in the panel of DNA markers for assessing the genetic diversity and authenticity of the origin for the sheep of Salsk breed.

Most of the technologies improving the productivity of natural grasslands are based on the complex of suppression of their biocenoses with herbicides by cutting ridges in the sod and planting grasses’ seeds into them. Their alternative is strip sowing with mechanical treatment of soil strip in the sod which parameters ensure successful development of sprouts without use of herbicides. For the conditions of Euro-North-East of Russia they are equal to: strip width of 10...11 cm, depth - not less than 6 cm, treated area - for at least 30% of the total plot area. For the implementation of this technology family the sod seeder SDK with disk milling openers was developed. To improve quality of sowing with seeders SDK, the opener group of seeders is developed that ensures presowing treatment of sod with disk milling openers and broadcast input of fertilizers along the axis of the processed strip with the subsequent leveling of soil surface. Compacted seedbed is produced with shoe openers along the axis of the treated strip and ordinary grass seed sowing was carried 1.2 cm above the depth of fertilizer application. Next is the packing of soil in the strips. Researches were conducted in laboratory and field conditions to assess the effectiveness of the action which identified indicators of sowing quality when using serial disk milling opener of the seeder SDK and experimental opener groups. Analysis of the results of the field experiment showed that regardless of the version of the opener group of seeders depth of sowing of clover seeds meets the agricultural requirements: the serial opener - 12.14 mm; the experimental opener group 7.9 mm. With increasing speed uniformity of seed distribution across the width of the strip is reduced, but for the experimental opener group the value of this indicator, equal to 6.8 mm, was considerably higher than for the serial opener, in which seed dispersal was 17.28 mm.

In the territory of the Republic of Crimea, the production of growing cereal crops in arid conditions is becoming topical. The most effective method is the introduction of a system of saving farming. Existing analogues of seeders with disc coulters in conditions of heavy and loamy soils of the arid region of the Republic of Crimea have limited opportunities. A scheme of sowing with rolling out at the level of seed occurrence and a construction of a vomer section with a roller pressing in the seeds is proposed. This scheme includes: cropping of soil; Seedbed formation; Distribution and indentation of seeds into the soil; Transportation and separation of the undercut loose soil layer; Upsetting and leveling of the soil covering the seed. The structure of the proposed vomer section includes a stand on which a seed conduit, a diffuser and a cultivator leg with two flat-cutting knives and a chisel are fixed. A rolling device with a cutter in the form of an ellipsoid of rotation is hinged to the stand. Behind the packing roller to the frame there are attached lamellar tines, made in the form of segments of a logarithmic spiral. At justifying the design parameters and operating modes, methods of theoretical and agricultural mechanics, mechanics of continuum, elasticity theory, integral and differential calculus were applied. Taking into account the need to ensure an even distribution of the sealing action of the paw on the soil, an analytical expression describing the law of distribution of the contact pressure of the cutting edge of the paw on the soil was obtained, which allowed to justify the shape of the cutting edge of the blade of the paw of the vomer section. The shape of the cutting blade is determined taking into account the physico-mechanical properties of the soil: the deformation index, the shear modulus and the friction coefficient of the blade on the soil. The shape of the compacting roller is determined, which ensures the uniformity of indenting seeds into the soil compacted by the blade. The roller must have the form of a truncated ellipsoid of revolution. Covering the dented seeds with a roller is carried out by the guide trays. Overtake is carried out with the final precoating and leveling of the soil surface.

The Russian agrarian enterprises are need in improvement of financial positions. This problem can be solved if to increase the level of their economic safety. A policy of management of accounting risks may be the major tool which comes to light in accounting and analytical systems of many entities of the agrarian sphere. The research purpose is a development of optimum management mechanism of risks accounting in agrarian forming which will allow to minimize financial threats in the conditions of economic instability. Authors conducted a survey research of 36 agrarian forming of the Bryansk region (small, average and large). They revealed, compared and analysed the reasons of accounting risks of these entities. Unauthenticity of accounting information because of errors in the organization of financial accounting of agrarian forming is a typical factor of accounting risks (38.9 %). Unauthenticity of accounting information because of the average level of qualification of accountants occupies significant specific weight among the reasons of accounting risks (27.8 %) too. Insufficient competence of accountants in 8 surveyed agrarian forming applying the preferential mode on payment of a unified agricultural tax (single agricultural tax) when accounting transactions on a case of a bird led in 2016 to omission of an economic benefit in the amount of 54 360 rubles (6 795 rubles - on average, on each entity). More than 22 % of the agrarian entities are unprofitable; more than 61% of agrarian firms depend on external financing. As a result, authors offered the mechanism for minimization accounting risk for the entities of agrarian sector by internal and external factors. The central place is allocated to accounting consulting and outsourcing (especially for subjects of small agrarian business) in case of elimination of the accounting risks caused by external factors. If to minimize the accounting risks caused by external factors, then a key role is played by creation of an effective internal control system, and for average and large agrarian forming an important role is played by implementation of the high-quality system of management providing communication of the central office with remote divisions. Use of this mechanism in accounting and analytical practice of agrarian forming will increase the level of their economic safety, will improve a financial condition.